Psychoactive substances Flashcards by Alice Hanton

Amphetamines class

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

amphetamines mechanism

Stimulant, increases dopamine and noradrenaline

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

how amphetamines make you feel

Alert

Chatty and confident

Focused

Decreased appetite

Not sleepy

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How do you take amphetamines

Sniff, smoke, swallow, inject

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Injected drugs can be class B true or false?

False, injected class B drugs become class A

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

amphetamines effect on HR, BP, RR, temp, pupil size

all up

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

amphetamines come down

lethargy, exhaustion, anxiety, restlessness

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

amphetamines are similar to which prescribed drugs?

ADHD drugs (methylphenidate and modafinil)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

SEs amphetamines

panic attacks

Depression

Agression

Paranoia

Psychosis incl hallucinations

Chronic sleep deprivation

Wt loss

Tremors

Seizures

Immune suppression

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

amphetamines physical or psychological dependence?

physical

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Two drugs similar/related to amphetamines?

Meth and MDMA

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How is meth different in its effects to amphetamines?

Reaches brain more easily and lasts longer- massive dopamine hit.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Meth side effects/risks

MI risk and damages cognition

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

MDMA has what additional effect on users?

Feeling of closeness to others (empathogen)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Risk of MDMA?

Dehydration/hyponatraemia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cocaine class?

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cocaine mechanism

Reuptake inhibitor of dopamine, serotonin and noradrenaline

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cocaine effects?

Feeling of well being

Alert and confident

Increased energy

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

cocaine route

snort

ingest

smoke

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

cocaine SEs

Dry mouth

sweating

decreased appetite

Anxious

Panicky

hallucinations

vasoconstriction

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

cocaine effect on HR, BP, RR, pupils

All up

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Risks of cocaine

Stroke, MI, cardiac arrest, bowel gangrene, ENT

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Daily use of cocaine can lead to what effects?

restless

Insomnia and weight loss can ==> run down

‘wired’/paranoid

nausea

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cocaine withdrawal

Tired, panicky, exhausted, insomnia, extreme emotional and physical distress, anorexia, sweating

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Opioids class

A/B

Are opiates legal?

Not unless prescribed

Opiates and driving?

Must inform DVLA

Opiate route

tab/syrup/smoke/snort/inject

Opiates effect on HR, RR, temp, pupils

All decrease

Opiate effect

feel happy, relaxed, euphoric, sleepy

SEs opiates

Constipation, nausea Itching lethargy dizziness Toxicity If injecting- gangrene and clots

Signs of opiate toxicity

Resp. depression Coma

Symptoms of opiate withdrawal in first 24-48hr

Craving, flu like sx, sweating, yawning

Symptoms of opiate withdrawal in first 7-10 days

Mydriasis, abdo cramps, diarrhoea, agitation, restlessness, piloerection, tachycardia

How long does an opiate detox take?

4-12w

First line drug for opiate detoxification?

Methadone or buprenorphine

Methadone and buprenorphine for opiate detox are kinds of _____ therapy

Replacement

How does replacement therapy work?

Allow patient to stabilise, decrease crime etc. Then move to withdrawal and then abstinence

What is an alternative drug for opiate detox if it is a short detox or if abuse is mild or uncertain?

Lofexidine

How does lofexidine help in opiate detox?

Relieves withdrawal sx

What is the mechanism of methadone and buprenorphine

Opiate agonists

Lofexidine can be used in combo with what?

Naltrexone- blocks euphoric effects but little effect on cravings

Treatment for opiate overdose?

Naloxone

Benzodiazepine class

Benzo routes

tabs, inject, suppositories, melting down tabs to inject

Why is melting down benzo tabs to inject dangerous

collapsed veins Infection and abscess

Benzos mechanism of action

increases GABA

Benzo feeling

Calm, relaxed, sleepy

Benzos are dangerous in combination with___ and ___

Alcohol Other depressants

Withdrawal Sx benzos

Decreased conc Tremors N&V Headaches Anxiety Panic attacks Depression Seizures

After only ___ weeks you can become addicted to benzos

How do you detox from benzos?

Use a longer acting one e.g. diazepam

Drug for diazepam OD?

Flumazenil

Cannabis class

cannabis effects

Euphoria, relaxation, hallucinations, increased appetite

SEs cannabis

Conj irritation, low sperm, lung disease, flashbacks, transient psychosis, schizo, D&A, apathy, nausea

Cannabis dependence- psychological or physical?

Psychological

Ketamine class

Ketamine mechanism

Unclear but antagonises NMDA receptors

Ket routes

snort, inject, tablet, 'bomb'

Ket effects

Dream like, detached Chill Confused Nausea Dissociative Analgesic

What is a K hole

Mind and body separated out of control

Why does ket present a risk of harm to the pts or others

Dissociative and analgesic

SEs Ket

agitation Panic attacks memory damage short and long term depression (if freq) Bladder problems

Alcohol withdrawal occurs after how many days abstinence

1-2

1 unit of alcohol is equivalent to how much wine and beer

small glass wine, half pint beer

alcohol withdrawal sx

anxiety, restless, insomnia tremor sweating tachycardia ataxia pyrexia hallucinations/illusions (usually visual) Seizures

What does delirium tremens signify

Severe withdrawal

Alcohol withdrawal can lead to what? (pathway)

Thiamine deficiency --> mamillary body damage --> Wernicke's enceph --->recover OR Korsakoff's

Sx wernickes

ataxia nystagmus ophthalmoplegia acute confusion

Sx korsakoffs

ST memory loss Confabulation

Repeated heavy drinking leads to what 4 things

40% risk temporary depressive episodes Suicidal ideas and attempt Severe anxiety Insomnia

Management of alcohol abuse

Aim for abstinence Detox in hosp if risk of delirium tremens or withdrawal seizures Often need initially high but rapidly tailing sedation- a benzo such as chlordiazepoxide to control symptoms and prevent seizures Delirium tremens is treated with lorazepam or APs Pabrinex for B vits and vit C injection Psychosocial- AA, motivational interviews, psych therapies

What meds can be used to maintain alcohol abstinence

Disulfiram- blocks alcohol metabolism --> flushing, headaches, anxiety, nausea Acamprosate (acts on GABA) or naltrexone- opioid receptor antagonists which reduce cravings

Possession of drugs can result in unlimited fine and what maximum prison sentence for each class?

A- 7 B-5 C-2

Supply of drugs can result in unlimited fine and what maximum prison sentence for each class?

A- life B- 14 C- 14

What is an NPS

New psychoactive substance- similar to illegal drugs

Are NPS illegal?

Supply, production etc is illegal since 2016, possession is not unless in an institution

Which psychoactive substances are exempt?

Nicotine, alcohol, caffeine

Drug dependence is having 3+ of what symptoms for at least 12m?

1. Tolerance 2. Withdrawal 3. Using more/for longer than was intended 4. Unsuccessful attempts to reduce use 5. Large amounts of time spent seeking, using and recovering from use 6. Drug taking is priority over social, work, recreational activities 7. Persistent use despite harm

Sections of an alcohol history

1. CAGE 2. details of intake 3. impact on life incl crime 4. thanks for sharing! 5. PMH incl drink related e.g. pancreatitis, liver, ulcer 6. DH incl rec drugs 7. FH and any dependents at home 8. Psych assessment- depression, self harm and harm to others screen

Neurotransmitter in alcohol (or any depressive substance)

GABA agonist

GHB/GBL mechanism

GABA agonist

GHB/GBL effects

reduced inhibitions euphoria drowsiness

Does ket have withdrawal sx?

LSD mechanism

Dopamine agonist

Mephedrone mechanism

Monoamine agonist/antagonist

Psilocybin mushrooms mechanism

5HT partial agonist

Mephedrone slang name?

M-CAT

Psychoactive substances Flashcards

(89 cards)