Psychoanalytic Etiology Flashcards
Freud’s Drive Conflict Model
(Freud 1926)
The psychosexual stages progress in order and development is susceptible to over- or under-gratification leading to fixation
Freud’s view of depression
(Freud 1917) Mourning and Melancholia
- Depressed people suffered a symbolic loss (as opposed to the loss of a loved person in mourning)
- There is a disturbance in self-regard, anger turned inward leads to self-deprecation and loss of self-esteemd
- Caused by over/undergratification at oral stage
Freud’s view of mania
(Freud 1917) Mourning and Melancholia
-When the ego recovers from the loss of the object, all the anticathexis drawn into the ego during melancholia is freed and becomes mania
Freud’s view of anxiety
(Freud 1926)
- Anxiety is a signal of danger
- There are realistic, moral, and neurotic types
- Neurotic anxiety is the fear of punishment or annihilation, anticipation of danger based on past experience
- loss of the object (oral), loss of the object’s love (anal), body integrity/castration (phallic), and punishment from the superego (genital)
- Anxiety comes from pathological compromise formation
Freud’s view of schizophrenia
(Freud 1924)
- No ego defenses have developed and therefor there is no differentiation between self and world
- id fantasies are mistaken for reality
Anna Freud’s view of depression
(A. Freud, 1936)
-hate turned toward the self, because if the bad is outside, there is no hope of controlling it, but if the bad is inside, it’s safer
-focus on interpreting defenses rather than id impulses
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Fairbairn’s view of repetition compulsion
(Fairbairn 1941)
- Repetition compulsion is a person’s attempt to re-master past relationships that went poorly, or because they are recreating relationships with the same type of internalized objects they had before.
- 3 objects: gratifying, enticing, and rejecting
Fairbairn’s view of depression
(Fairbairn 1941)
A lack of internalization of positive objects causes child to use fantasized internal objects, dooming them to repeat the past and they believe the love object’s absence was their fault (too needy or hateful)
Fairbairn’s view of anxiety
(Fairbairn 1941)
Dangerous object ties threaten to break through, or internalized wrathful/punitive objects
Winnicott’s view of depression
(Winnicott 1949)
-Failures of good enough mothering and empathy causes a false self which appeases others and feels bad about pleasing self
Winnicott’s view of anxiety
(Winnicott 1949)
-Failures of good enough mothering nurturing causes false self which views spontaneity as scary, patient anxiously seeks missing empathy
Kohut’s view of depression
(Kohut 1971)
Lack of mirroring and transmuting internalization of it causes low self-esteem, poor self-soothing, fragmentation of self
Kohut’s view of anxiety
(Kohut 1971)
Anxiety is an expression of fear of the disintegration of the self
Psychodynamic conceptualization
Depression
(Blatt, 1974)
patient feels helpless, weak, and
fears abandonment— results from disruption of relationship with a primary caregiver anaclintic
introjective:introjective depression, in which the patient feels
worthless, guilty, and fears loss of approval, unrelenting self-criticism
Defense Mechanisms OCD
- intellectualization and isolation (warding off the affects associated with the unacceptable ideas and impulses),
- undoing (carrying out compulsions to neutralize the offending ideas and impulses)
- reaction formation (adopting character traits exactly opposite of the feared impulses).
The imperfect success of these defenses gave rise to OCD symptoms: anxiety; preoccupation with dirt or germs or moral questions; and, fears of acting on unacceptable impulses.
