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306: Psychiatry > Psychobiology of Emotion > Flashcards

Psychobiology of Emotion Flashcards

1
Q

Define Emotion

A

Emotions are transient events, produced in response to external or internal events of significance to the individual, characterised by attention to the evoking stimulus & changes in physiological arousal, motor behaviour & feelings and engender a biasing of behaviour

  • physiological response
  • readiness to act in a specific way
  • feelings
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2
Q

What is the function of emotion?

A
  • Regulation,
  • Protection: defensive, immune
  • Communication: social
  • Attachment & affiliation
  • Reinforcement, learning, memory
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3
Q

Explain James-Lange theory of Emotion

A
  • Based on Damasio-somatic markers in the brain
  • Arousal (snake) –> physical response (heart pounding) –> emotion (fear)
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4
Q

Explain the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion

A
  • Arousal either leads to a physical response and an emotional response
  • not that the physical response proceeds the emotional response as the James-Lange theory would suggest
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5
Q

Explain the Dimensional model of emotion

A
  • it is a scale based on the balance between arousal bs valence and pleasant vs. unpleasant
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6
Q

Explain the Schachter-Singer theory of emotion

A
  • the stimulus simultaneously creates a physiological and emotional response
  • however, the physiological response also contributes to the emotional response
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7
Q

What is Lisa Feldmans Barrets theory of emotion?

A
  • the stimulus is first processed/ appraised before the physiological and emotional responses are experienced
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8
Q

What are the Neurmodulatory systems involved in emotion?

  • overview of the homeostatic pathway
A
  • 5-HT (Serotonin)
  • NA
  • ACh
  • DA
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9
Q

Explain the role of the Hypothalamus in emotion

A
  • forms connections to neuroendocrine autonomic and cortices
  • plays a role in motivation reward and homeostasis
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10
Q

The Ventral Straitum in emotions

A
  • the Nucleus accumbens (NAcc) is a key player in reward prediction error
    • mesolimbic DA system VTA s> NA
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11
Q

What structures of the Limbic System are involved in Emotion

A
  • the Amygdala, Orbitofrontal Cortex, Anterior cingulate cortex, Insula
    • build a system that creates emotion
  • the neuromodulators are: NA, ACh, 5-HT, DA
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12
Q

What is the role of the Amygdala in emotion?

A
  • receives sensory information from the sensory cortex and the sensory thalamus
  • process information and creates a bodily arousal response
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13
Q

What is the role of the Insula and emotions?

A
  • provides the viscerosensory cortex a basis for interceptive feeling states
  • the anterior insula cortex supports the integration of internal and external information
    • provides a conscious access to internal states
  • it stimulates feelings of disgust and anxiety (and empathy)
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14
Q

What is the role fo the Ventromedial prefrontal cortex and the orbitofrontal cortex (VPC, OFC)

A
  • provides negative feedback on emotion, preservative cognition
  • modulates disappointment and regret
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15
Q

What is the role of the Anterior cingulate in emotion?

A
  • It is part of the visceromotor cortex implicated in
    • stress, emotional arousal and cognitive control
    • depression
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16
Q

How is facial expression understood?

A
  • FACS System: Facial Action Coding System
  • the amygdala and the insula are activated
17
Q

How do physiological states correlate to emotion/ feelings states- Bodily expression

A
18
Q

What is Depression?

A
  • Persistent sadness or low mood
  • Loss of interests or pleasure
  • Fatigue or low energy
  • symptoms most days, most of the time, at least 2 wks

–disturbed sleep –poor concentration or indecisiveness –low self-confidence –poor or increased appetite –suicidal thoughts or acts –agitation or slowing of movements –guilt or self-blame

19
Q

What are examples of Anxiety?

A
  • PTSD
  • Panic/ Specific Phobia
  • Generalised Anxiety
  • Social anxiety disorder
  • OCD
20
Q

What is Bipolar Disorder?

A
  • episodes of depression & elation
  • Hypomania associated with impulsivity, sleep disturbance, increased energy, grandiosity, hypersexuality, irritability, pressure of speech
  • Mania if psychotic symptoms present: delusions, hallucinations
21
Q

What is Autism?

A
  • the early onset of difficulties in social interaction and communication together with restricted and repetitive behaviours and interests
  • Clinical features include
    • inability to relate and hold the gaze
    • speech and language disorders
    • impaired non-verbal communication
    • resistance to change
    • odd behaviours and mannerisms
    • seizures
    • emotional lability, overactivity, poor concentration
22
Q

What are sickness behaviours?

A

a whole-organism response to infection or injury

  • Anorexia, nausea, apathy, anhedonia,
  • low mood, fatigue, social withdrawal,
  • anxiety, irritability, poor concentration,
  • memory impairment, psychomotor slowing

306: Psychiatry (7 decks)

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