Psychodynamic Approach

Question 1

Who proposes the key assumptions about the psychodynamic approach

Answer 1

Freud

Question 2

What did Freud emphasis

Answer 2

The role of unconscious motives ans desires. Forces and drives influence the mind and direct behaviour. Early childhood experiences are important in shaping peronsality

Question 3

Freud put forward rhe structure of personality aka

Answer 3

The triparte view of personality made up of 3 parts with different roles

Question 4

What are the 3 personalities

Answer 4

EGO, SUPEREGO, ID

Question 5

EGO

Answer 5

Mostly conscious, works on reality principle, mediates between ID and SUPEREGO

Question 6

What age can the EGO be seen

Answer 6

Age 2

Question 7

Example of EGO

Answer 7

‘Maybe just a small chocolate bar’

Question 8

Super ego

Answer 8

Mostly unconscious, works on moral principle and individuals sense of right and wrong. Strong moral judgement and wants to do the right thing

Question 9

Age that SUPEREGO can be seen

Answer 9

Age 5

Question 10

Example of SUPEREGO

Answer 10

‘You’re on a diet’

Question 11

ID

Answer 11

Fully conscious, works on pleasure principle, biological instincts - selfish desires with no regard for anyone else

Question 12

Age that ID can be see

Answer 12

Brith

Question 13

Example of ID

Answer 13

‘I want chocolate now’

Question 14

What are defence mechanisms

Answer 14

Unconscious strategies used by the EGO to manage conflict between the ID and SUPEREGO, they distort reality and help reduce a persons anxiety

Question 15

What are the 3 defence mechanisms

Answer 15

Repression, denial, displacement

Question 16

Repression

Answer 16

Unconscious blocking of unacceptable thoughts. The thoughts go away but still influence behaviour unconsciously

Question 17

Repression example

Answer 17

A person may forget about the abuse they experienced but find it difficult to form relationships

Question 18

Denial

Answer 18

By refusing to accept reality of a situation the person avoids dealing with the feelings. The person acts as if there isn’t a problem by pretending like it didn’t happen

Question 19

Displacement

Answer 19

If a person cannot direct their thoughts and feelings towards the person they hold responsible. They take it out on someone or something

Question 20

Example of displacement

Answer 20

Eg slamming the door after an argument

Question 21

What are the 5 psychosexual stages of development

Answer 21

Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital

Question 22

Oral

Answer 22

Focus of pleasure is mouth, expressed through sucking and biting, object of desire is mother beat, unresolved conflict is smocking and nail biting

Question 23

Age of oral development

Answer 23

0-1

Question 24

Anal

Answer 24

Focus of pleasure in anus, gained through withholding and expelling fesceas. Unresolved conflict, resentive and impulsive

Question 25

Phallic

Answer 25

Oedipus complex and cat ration anxiety - boys | Electra complex and penis envy - girls

Question 26

Oepidus complex and castration anxiety

Answer 26

Focus of pleasure on genitals. Son unconsciously wants to sleep with mother and fears dad wants to castrate him

Question 27

Electra complex and penis envy

Answer 27

Daughter has penis envy and unconsciously wants to sleep with dad, leads her to hate mum, result on unresolved conflict: phallic personality

Question 28

Age of phallic personality

Answer 28

3-5 years

Question 29

Age of latency

Answer 29

Earlier conflicts are recessed and there is no conflict to be resolved therefore no fixation at this stage

Question 30

Genital

Answer 30

Puberty occurs during this stage and sexual desires become conscious. Result of unresolved conflicts: difficulties forming heterosexual relationships

Question 31

Age of genital

Answer 31

12+

Question 32

4 evaluation points of psychodynamic approach

Answer 32

Unethical when used with people experiencing symotoms, Freud’s research has led to psychoanalysis, didn’t use standardised procedures, can’t be applied to many people

Question 33

Elaboration of ‘unethical when used with people experiencing symptoms’

Answer 33

- can be seen as inappropriate bevause therapists interpretations can’t be tested - therapy takes years and can’t guarantee a cure - can be issues with recall of repressed memories and abuse to individuals and family - psychoanalysis in its original form can be seen as inappropriate

Question 34

Elaboration of ‘Freud’s research has led to psychoanakysis’

Answer 34

Used widely to access the unconscious and claimed to be successful for people wit anxiety

Question 35

Elaboration of ‘Freud’s research didn’t use standardised procedures to control variables’

Answer 35

- detailed case studies don’t control extrenius variables | - it would be hard for someone to replicate Freud’s work in a consistent way

Question 36

Elaboration of ‘can’t be applied to many people’

Answer 36

- he researched using case studied - his theory contains untestable ideas - this limits the ability to use them to explain behaviour for large groups of people