Psychodynamic approach

Question 1

How does freud describe the brain?

Answer 1

Like an iceberg.

Question 2

What happens to repressed memories?

Answer 2

They are locked away in our unconscious, we can access them through dreams or ‘slips of tongue’ (paraphrases).

Question 3

What does psyche mean?

Answer 3

The mind.

Question 4

What are the three parts the mind consists of?

Answer 4

The conscious
The preconscious
The unconscious

Question 5

What is the conscious mind?

Answer 5

Thoughts we are aware of and can talk about eg. ideas, emotions and decisions.

Question 6

What is the preconscious mind?

Answer 6

Thoughts that are not immediately accessible but can be brought into conscious awareness.

Question 7

What is the unconscious mind?

Answer 7

The largest part of the mind.
Holds thoughts and memories that are not accessible to awareness but influence out behaviours and feelings. eg. impulses, desires, repressed emotions.

Question 8

What is the role of the unconscious mind?

Answer 8

According to psych determinism
Our behaviours shaped by unresolved unconscious conflicts among different parts of our personality, experiences in early developmental stages.

Question 9

What can problems during the psychosexual stages cause?

Answer 9

Fixation

Question 10

What is fixation?

Answer 10

Where an individual remains stuck in a particular stage, expressing certain negative traits.

Question 11

What does the unconscious mind protect?

Answer 11

The conscious mind from potentially harmful thoughts , this reduces anxiety.

Question 12

What are three defence mechanisms?

Answer 12

Repression
Denial
Displacement

Question 13

What are the structures of personality?

Answer 13

Id
Ego
Superego

Question 14

What is the Id?

Answer 14

newborn infant
focuses on satisfying personal needs and desires.
Pleasure principle, immediate gratification Hedonism

Question 15

What part of the mind is the id apart of?

Answer 15

Unconscious mind

Question 16

What is the ego?

Answer 16

18 months begins to form
reality principle
rational thinking to manage. the ids demands
Acts as a mediator between id and superego.

Question 17

What part of the mind is the ego apart of?

Answer 17

Conscious mind.

Question 18

What is the super ego?

Answer 18

3 years begins to develop
morality principle
internalises values and norms of parents and society
influences behaviour by guilt when individuals actions conflict with strict standards.

Question 19

What part of the mind is the super ego apart of?

Answer 19

Preconscious mind.

Question 20

What is meant by psychosexual stages?

Answer 20

A child will experience an unconscious conflict that they must resolve at each stage

Question 21

What is the oral stage?

Answer 21

0-1 years
Pleasure is mouth
Consequence is oral fixation
eg. biting nails, smoking, sarcastic

Question 22

What is the anal stage?

Answer 22

1-3 years
pleasure is anus
consequence is anal retentive eg. perfectionist, obsessive
anal expulsive eg. thoughtless, messy

Question 23

What is the Phallic stage?

Answer 23

3-6 years
Focus is on genital area
Consequence is phallic personality eg. narcistic, reckless

Question 24

What is the latency stage?

Answer 24

6-11 years
Earlier conflicts are repressed
Focus is on genitals sexual desires become conscious alongside puberty
Consequence is difficulty forming heterosexual relationships.

Question 25

What is the oedipus complex?

Answer 25

A sexual desire for their mother.

Question 26

What is castration anxiety?

Answer 26

The fear that the father will find out and remove the boys genitals. Boy will eventually realise he cannot compete with father and instead identifies with him, imitating his behaviour and developing male gender identity

Question 27

What is the electra complex?

Answer 27

Jung Describes a girls attachment to her father and dislike to for her mother

Question 28

Does freud reject the electra complex?

Answer 28

Yes

Question 29

What is penis envy?

Answer 29

Girls assume they used to have a penis but think they lost it due to castration. Resent their mother for loss of penis. Desire is Eventually replaces by wanting a baby so develop a female gender identity.

Question 30

What phase are the electra and oedipus present in?

Answer 30

Phallic stage

Question 31

What are defence mechanisms?

Answer 31

Strategies involving the unconscious mind that the ego can use to manage unresolvable conflicts.

Question 32

What is denial?

Answer 32

Refusal to accept the reality of a situation.

Question 33

What is displacement?

Answer 33

Strong emotion is moved from the source of that emotion and placed onto a substitute target.

Question 34

What is repression?

Answer 34

Unpleasant memory or painful emotion is placed into the unconscious mind and no longer accessible to the conscious mind.

Question 35

What are some positive evaluations of the psychodynamic approach?

Answer 35

Real life applications Explanatory power, can explain human behaviour.

Question 36

What are some criticisms of the psychodynamic approach?

Answer 36

You can't explain how to treat big mental health disorders. Untestable, cannot be falsified.