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Psych C1: Assumptions + Approaches AO3 > Psychodynamic Asssumptions > Flashcards

Psychodynamic Asssumptions Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the Psycho-dynamic Approach?

A

-Idea of unconscious mind which influences our behaviour-we are unaware of our unconscious​. Our unconscious makes no distinction between real external and internal events

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2
Q

Who is the main figure of the Psychodynamic Approach?

A

-Main figure in psychodynamic theory= Sigmund Freud. ​

-Freud= one of the first people to challenge the view that mental disorders were caused by physical illness. He proposed that there are psychological factors

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3
Q

Name the 3 Psycho-dynamic Assumptions.

A
  1. Behaviour can be explained by the Triparite Model of Personality
  2. Behaviour can be explained by the unconscious mind​
  3. Behaviour is influenced by early childhood experiences
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4
Q

What is the 1st Psycho-dynamic Assumption?

A

-Behaviour can be explained by the Triparite Model of Personality

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5
Q

What is the Triparite Model of Personality?

A

-We do not have one unified personality, but 3 different parts​

-They pull us in different directions

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6
Q

What are the three parts of personality?

A

-ID, Ego, Superego

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7
Q

What is the ‘ID’?

A

-ID: Pleasure principle​
(instinct)​

-Instant gratification- self-serving​
-ID = Part of personality that we are born with ​​
-Its energy is called the ‘libido’​​

-It operates on instinct, the pleasure principle (unconscious)​

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8
Q

What is the ‘Ego’?

A

-Ego: Reality principle​
(logical/conscious)​

-Deals with the competing demands of the id + superego
-It must balance the drives of the id + the control of the superego​​

-EGO begins to develop at age 2

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9
Q

What is the ‘Superego’?

A

-Superego: Morality principle​

-Learns to internalise parents values and social standards, internally rewards and punishes us

-The SUPEREGO is the ‘ideal’ force, the civilised, socially acceptable figure the person strives to be ​​

-It operates on the morality principle + includes our understanding of right + wrong in terms of our social world (preconscious)

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10
Q

What is a ‘Healthy Personality’?

A

-This is where an individual listens to the drives of both the Id and the Superego, + goes about satisfying both in a socially acceptable manner: balanced.

-EGO

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11
Q

What are the consequences of a strong/weak Ego?

A

-Strong Ego: ability to function despite the conflict between the different parts (the ID + Superego)

-Weak Ego: the ID or Superego may dominate the personality

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12
Q

What are the features of a Dominant ID?

A

-Selfish ​
-Demanding ​
-Impulsive​
-Anger Outbursts ​
-Low self-control

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13
Q

What are the features of a Dominant Superego?

A

-Submissive​
-Honest ​
-Considerate of others​
-Guilty ​
-Gullible

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14
Q

What is the 2nd Psycho-dynamic Assumption?

A

-Behaviour can be explained by the unconscious mind​

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15
Q

What is the ‘iceberg’ of the mind theory?

A

-Conscious:​ what we are currently aware of. Rational and logical thoughts, perceptions

-Preconscious: what we could be conscious of if we thought about it (memories, knowledge)

-​Unconscious: thoughts and feelings which are inaccessible to us​

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16
Q

What is the 2nd part of the 2nd Psycho-dynamic Assumption?

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A

-Behaviour can be explained by Ego defence mechanisms

17
Q

What is a defence mechanism?

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A

-Defence mechanisms = coping strategies- protect the conscious self from experiencing anxiety​

18
Q

How does Ego defence mechanisms relate to anxiety?

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A

-Ego cannot deal with the demands of our desires, so triggers Anxiety

-Anxiety = unpleasant inner state that people seek to avoid.
-Anxiety acts as a signal to the ego that things are not going right.

-As a result, ego then employs a defence mechanism

19
Q

What are the common defence mechanisms?

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A

-Repression​
-Displacement​
-Projection
-Regression

20
Q

What is Repression?

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A

-Forgetting an unpleasant memory or the strong emotion associated with it.

-Metaphorically, pushing it down into your unconscious memory.

21
Q

What is Displacement?

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A

-Shifting an emotion directed at one person towards another person or object.

22
Q

What is Projection?

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A

-Shifting an undesirable emotion or motive from ourselves on to someone else

23
Q

What is Regression?

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A

-Abandonment of age appropiate coping strategies u=in favour of more child-like patterns of behaviour- retreating where the person feels safe

24
Q

What is the 3rd Psycho-dynamic Assumption?

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A

-Behaviour is influenced by early childhood experiences

25
What does the 3rd Psycho-dynamic Assumption assume?
-Early childhood experiences shape our behaviour as an adult​ -Fixations during childhood can influence our behaviours as an adult -Relationships with parents during childhood set the template for adult relationships
26
What is 'Psychosexual Development'?
-Stage + age theory- all children go through the stages at roughly the same age​ -The child's libido (instinct/energy) = focused on a different body part during each stage, depending on which body part gives the most unconscious pleasure at that time -​Fixations that may occur in any stage can lead to problems for personality in adulthood
27
What are the 5 stages?
-oral, anal, phallic, latency and genital
28
What is the 'oral' phase?
Age: 1-2 -Libido focused on: mouth EG: breast feeding, sucking objects -Psychological fixations: smoking, gum-chewing, nail-biting -Part of personality present: ID -Result of Healthy Development: gives ability to understand that we can't exercise full control over environement
29
Explain the difference between the 'oral' phase being overindulged VS fustrated.
Overindulged: -Being fed as soon as they weaned too LATE -Effect of adult personality: Optimistic, Guillable, Dependent, Trusting (oral receptive) Fustrated: -Being fed as soon as they weaned too EARLY -Effect of adult personality: Agressive, Pessimistic, Envious, Dominating (oral agresssive)
30
What is the 'anal' phase?
Age: 1-3 -Libido focused on: Anus (potty training, child learns to delay their grarification). -Psychological fixations: orderliness, obsessiveness, rigidity. -Part of personality present: EGO. -Result of Healthy Development: gives us ability to deal with authority, assert our wishes, maintain a balance between order + being able to tolerate mess.
31
Explain the difference between the 'anal' phase being explusive VS retentive.
Anal Explusive: -Effect of adult personality: -Generous, messy, disorganised, rebellious (overindulged). Anal Retentive: -Effect of adult personality: -Orderly, stubborn, stingy, rigid, posessive (fustrated).
32
What is the 'phallic' phase?
Age: 3-6 -Libido focused on: Genitals (external, immature interest in). -Psychological fixations: vanity, exhibitionism, pride. -ID + EGO = fully formed. -Superego= created at end of stage by resolution of Oedipus/ Electra complex.
33
What is the Oedipus complex?
-Boy desires mother + wants to have sex with her. -Boy sees father as a rival for his mother's attention. -Fears that if his father finds out about his feelings, he will castrate him. -Boy= conflicted. He resolves this by internalising + identifying with his father -Leads to development of Superego. -Boy substitues desire for mother towards another women.
34
What is the 'Electra' complex?
-Starts to sexually desire father who has a penis. -Girl develops penis envy- blaames mother for removing penis. -Girl sees her mother a sexual rival. -To resolve this: girl identifies with mother to have her father. -Superego develops, as does gender identity. She replaces penis envy desire for a baby.
35
What is the effect of healthy development of the phallic stage on adult behaviour?
Healthy Development: -Same sex parent is internalised: adopting values/attitude. EG: boy takes on male gender role + adopts superego value. -Conscience= mental representation of same sex parent telling us what's right/wrong. -Superego= formed at this point.
36
What is the effect of unhealthy development of the phallic stage on adult behaviour?
Unhealthy resolution: -Parents that repress child's desire= risk leaving child with harsh superego- excessive guilt/shame FUSTRATED Phallic Character= -Sexually over-confident -May have authority problems -May be vain, impulsive, self-assured
37
What is the 'latency' phase?
Age: 7-puberty -No focus (quiet phase) -School + friends= valued as important -Pause between psychosexual stages -Where child developed id, ego, superego, gender identity + adult personality
38
What is the 'genital' phase?
Age: Puberty-Adolescence -Genitals (internal- sexuality develops)​ -Adult Personality= set, problem in earler stages return -Genital character= well adjusted, mature, healthy sexual relationships IF SUCCESFUL at processing other stages

Psych C1: Assumptions + Approaches AO3 (5 decks)

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