Psychological Disorder

Question 1

also called mental illnesses or mental health
conditions.
- conditions characterized by abnormal thoughts,
feelings, and behaviors.

Answer 1

Psychological Disorder

Question 2

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDER
a) PHYSICAL

Answer 2

Loss of weight
Body pains
Head ache

Question 3

b) EMOTIONAL

Answer 3

• Irritability
• feeling depressed or unhappy
• excessive fears, worries and anxieties
• strong feelings of anger

Question 4

c) COGNITIVE

Answer 4

• persistent detachment from reality (delusions),
  paranoia or hallucinations
• suicidal thinking/negative thinking
• confused thinking

Question 5

d) BEHAVIORAL

Answer 5

• Changes in eating habits
• Changes in sleep
• Social withdrawal

Question 6

CAUSES OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDER

Answer 6

a) BIOLOGICAL INFLUENCES
- Evolution
- Individual genes
- Brain structure and chemistry
b) PSYCHOLOGICAL INFLUENCES
- Stress
- Trauma
- learned helplessness
- mood-related
- perception and memories
c) SOCIAL-CULTURAL INFLUENCES
- Roles
- Expectations

Question 7

when disturbances in an individual’s emotional
state are so extreme that they affect his or her
thinking processes

Answer 7

Mood disorder

Question 8

the symptoms will come and go.

Answer 8

Episodic

Question 9

It is the Greek word for “split minds.”
- This term was introduced by Eugen Bleuler in
1911
- It was originally called dementia praecox which
is a Latin word that means “premature mental
deterioration”.

Answer 9

Schizophrenia

Question 10

More intense and prolonged experience in
which there is an absence of happiness.
- Occurs in episodes rather than constantly.
- It lasts months, alleviates for months or years,
and then returns.

Answer 10

Major depressive disorder

Question 11

readies the body for action, but prolonged high
levels can exhaust the body’s energies, impair
sleep, impair the immune system, and set the
stage for an episode depression.

Answer 11

Cortisol

Question 12

it is recommended for depressed people who
did not respond to other therapies and for
those who are an immediate suicide risk

Answer 12

Electroconvulsive Therapy

Question 13

Operate by preventing the presynaptic neuron
from absorbing serotonin, dopamine, or
norepinephrine after releasing them

Answer 13

Trycyclics

Question 14

Similar to tricyclics but specific to the
neurotransmitter serotonin.

Answer 14

SSRI

Question 15

Block the enzyme monoamine oxidase (MAO)

Answer 15

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors

Question 16

a miscellaneous group of drugs with
antidepressants effects and mild side effects.

Answer 16

Atypical antidepressants

Question 17

formerly known as manic-depressive-disorder

Answer 17

Bipolar Disorder

Question 18

: characterized by restless activity,
excitement, laughter, self-confidence, rambling
speech, and loss of inhibitions.

Answer 18

Mania

Question 19

experience more severe
highs (mania) and may not have depressive
episodes.

Answer 19

Bipolar I Disorder

Question 20

experience a less severe
high (hypomania), their diagnoses includes
depressive episodes.
- The common treatments for bipolar disorder
are lithium salts and certain anticonvulsant
drugs.

Answer 20

Bipolar II Disorder

Question 21

Can either be acute or chronic.
- Acute condition: has a sudden onset and good
prospects for recovery.
- Chronic condition: has a gradual onset and a
long term course.
- Parts of the prefrontal cortex are very some to
mature.

Answer 21

Schizophrenia

Question 22

BEHAVIORAL SYMPTOMS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
I. POSITIVE SYMPTOMS
- Behaviors that are present should be absent.
- Psychotic cluster and disorganized cluster.
- Two cluster of positive symptoms:

Answer 22

A) Psychotic cluster: includes hallucinations and
delusions
- B) Disorganized cluster: inappropriate
emotional displays, bizarre behaviors, and
thought disorders (difficulty in understanding
and using abstract concepts)

Question 23

Also known as preclinical research
- Discovery of drug, development of efficient
methods in synthesis, and testing with animal
models

Answer 23

Basic Research

Question 24

TWO TYPES OF PRECLINICAL RESEARCH:

Answer 24

i. In vivo: living organism itself.
ii. In vitro: isolated from their usual biological
surroundings.

Question 25

Also known as clinical research
- Refers to studies, or trials, that are done on
people.

Answer 25

Human Clinical Trials

Question 26

Human Clinical Trials Phases

Answer 26

Phase 1: screening for safety
- Phase 2: establishing most effective doses and schedules for treatment.
- Phase 3: clear demonstrations that a drug is therapeutic.