Psychological Disorders Flashcards
(33 cards)
What are the three D’s?
Deviance
Distress
Dysfunction
What is Diathesis-Stress?
The theory that everyone has a predisposition to certain psychological disorders, and that they can be provoked due to life stresses.
What is the current diagnostic manual?
DSM-5.
How many classes of disorders are in the DSM-5?
20
Why do we feel anxious?
Perceiving a threat.
What turns anxiety into an anxious disorder?
People perceive a threat, even when one isn’t present, such as in non-threatening situations.
What is the anxious cycle?
Thought > Emotion > Behaviours
What are the 5 specific anxiety disorders?
Specific Phobia
Panic Disorder
Agoraphobia
Social Phobia
GAD - Generalised worry about everyday things.
What is an obsession?
Persistent, unwanted intrusive thoughts, images, or urges that cause distress or anxiety (DSM-5).
What is a compulsion?
Repetitive behaviours or thoughts that the person feels driven to perform in response (usually) to an obsession.
What is the interaction between obsession and compulsion?
Vicious cycle, obsession causes compulsion, which stops you from disconfirming the obsession and makes you repeat the compulsion to reduce anxiety.
What is Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD)?
A body-image disorder characterised by persistent and intrusive preoccupations with an imagines or slight defect in one’s appearance.
What is Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)?
Prolonged - very severe depression.
What is the Cognitive-Behavioural Model of Depression?
Depression driven by unrealistic negative automatic thoughts and faulty beliefs.
What is Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)?
Similar symptoms to MDD, however less severe. Depressed mood for at least 2 years, but still with the ability to function, albeit at a reduced capacity.
What is Bipolar Disorder?
Previously known as Manic-depressive disorder. Characterised by extreme mood swings (manic to depressive).
What is mania?
Excessive happiness, elation or irritability. Grandiosity, euphoria, decreased need for sleep.
What is Dissociative Disorder?
A disruption in the normally integrated functions of identity, memory, and consciousness.
What are the lease severe forms of dissociative disorders?
“Depersonalisation”
“Derealisation”
What is dissociative amnesia?
Sudden loss of memory of personal information. Usually still know identity and most of past, aside from the last couple of days. Also includes dissociative fugue, which can mean sudden wandering, new identity.
What is Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)?
Formally Multiple Personality Disorder. 2 or more personality states, that are distinct from the primary personality.
What is a personality disorder?
An enduring pattern of inner experience and behaviours that deviates markedly from the expectations of the individual’s culture, is pervasive and flexible, has onset in adolescence, is stable overtime, and leads to distress or impairment.
What are the three personality disorder clusters?
Odd-Eccentric - Paranoid, Schizoid and Schizotypal Personality Disorder.
Drama-Erratic (impulsivity) - Anti-social (psychopath), Borderline, Histrionic, and Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Anxious-Fearful - Avoidant, Dependent and Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
What are the 4 criteria sub-categories for BPD?
Disturbed Self
Behavioural Dyscontrol
Interpersonal Hypersensitivity
Affective/Emotion Disregulation
