Psychological disorders

Question 1

Define personality

Answer 1

patterns of characteristics that can’t be eradicated easily and are expressed automatically

Question 2

What are the 5 big personality traits?

Answer 2

1- extraversion (talkative)
2- agreeableness (trusting)
3- conscientiousness (organised)
4- emotional stability (tempered)
5- openness to experience (imaginative)

Question 3

Clusters of personality disorder

Answer 3

a - weird (paranoid, schizotypal)
b - wild (emotional, antisocial, narcissistic)
c - worried

Question 4

Define personality disorders

Answer 4

enduring pattern of inner experience and behaviour that deviates from expectations of the individuals culture

Question 5

How does personality disorder occur?

Answer 5

manifestation through cognition and affectivity

Question 6

Define dimensional classification

Answer 6

extreme normal personality

Question 7

Define categorical classification

Answer 7

personality disorder similar to physical diseases (differ from normal behaviour)

Question 8

What are biomedical therapies

Answer 8

• altering brain functioning to alleviate psychological distress
• remedies involve drugs altering brain chemistry

Question 9

What is electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

Answer 9

shock to the brain used for severe depression

Question 10

What psychological theories?

Answer 10

Idea that people acquire behaviour and emotional tendencies

Question 11

Define psychoanalysis

Answer 11

explores connection between events experienced in childhood at key stages of development and subsequent problems in adulthood

Question 12

Define humanistic therapies

Answer 12

• sees humans as innately capable of growth and self determination
• disorders occur when growth is blocked by lack of self-awareness

Question 13

Define behavioural therapy

Answer 13

behaviour learned and therefore can be unlearned

Question 14

Define counterconditioning

Answer 14

fear of dog - phobias decrease after gradual exposure

Question 15

Define schizophrenia

Answer 15

• psychosis characterised by gross distortions of reality
• distinct disorder rather then extreme personality

Question 16

Symptoms of schizophrenia

Answer 16

• disturbance in thought, perception, attention, emotion, life
  POS = delusions, hallucinations, disorganised speech
  NEG = lack of emotion, monotoned voice, no expression of emotion

Question 17

Define depression

Answer 17

sig lowered mood and loss of interest /pleasure in activities that are normally enjoyable

Question 18

Define DSM criteria

Answer 18

depressed mood, diminished interest/pleasure, weight loss/change, insomnia, psychomotor retardation, fatigue, worthlessness, no concentration, thoughts of death

Question 19

Remedies for depression

Answer 19

understanding life issues that give rise to distress (manifestation is the problem)

Question 20

Cognitive theory for depression

Answer 20

occurs because of world view - learned way of thinking - individuals have to monitor and modify thought processes

Question 21

What are negative schemas?

Answer 21

an implicit set of assumptions and beliefs

Question 22

What are treatments for depression

Answer 22

cognitive behavioural therapy and medications

Question 23

What is psychodynamics?

Answer 23

emphasises systematic study of psychological forces underlying human behaviour, feelings and emotions and how they might relate to early experiences

Question 24

What is Humanistic?

Answer 24

occurs when growth blocked by distorted perceptions, lack of awareness or negative sense of self

Question 25

What in the humanistic triangle

Answer 25

1- self-actualisation (achieving full potential) 2- esteem needs (feeling of accomplishment) 3- belongings needs (friends/family) 4- safety needs (security/safety) 5 physiological needs (food/water)

Question 26

What is behavioural?

Answer 26

maladaptive behaviours are learned and can be unlearned - classical conditioning, operant conditioning, ABCD model

Question 27

Examples of behavioural disorders

Answer 27

- social anxiety - panic disorder - obsessive compulsive disorder - post traumatic stress disorder

Question 28

What is classical conditioning?

Answer 28

associating stimulus with response (scary dog = fear so dog = fear)

Question 29

What is operant conditioning?

Answer 29

rewards and punishment modifying behaviour

Question 30

What is the Ellis ABCD model?

Answer 30

a - activating event b - belief c - consequences d - distrupution

Question 31

What is 3rd wave cognitive behaviour therapies

Answer 31

accepting thought and changing behaviour - mindfullness - acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) - dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT)

Question 32

What is mindfullness?

Answer 32

- what you intend to do and how you intend to do it - observe notice watch, labelling and accepting

Question 33

What is acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT)

Answer 33

- connecting with the moment - identifying values - committing through actions - self as context - acceptance

Question 34

What is dialectical behaviour therapy?

Answer 34

- core mindfulness - distress tolerance - emotion regulation - interpersonal effectiveness - brain altering, targeting neurotransmitters