psychological disorders Flashcards
(28 cards)
what is normality?
the state of being normal, defined in terms of typical and atypical behaviours
what are the five approaches to normality?
- situational
- sociocultural
- historical
- statistical
- medical
what is an adaptive behaviour?
behaviour or skill developed as we age to assist our ability to relate to others, become independent and function on a daily basis
what factors influence the development of adaptive behaviours?
- personality predisposition
- resilience
- secure attachment
- parental interest in education
- happy and secure home environment
- financial security
what is a maladaptive behaviour?
behaviour developed in early childhood as a means of reducing anxiety/coping that interfere with a person’s ability to function on daily basis
define mental health
a state of emotional and social wellbeing in which individuals can realise their own abilities, cope with the normal stress of life, work productively and contribute to their community
define mental health problems
emotional, cognitive and behavioural difficulties that affect relationships and functioning in everyday life
define mental disorder
the existence of a clinically recognisable set of symptoms and behaviours involving a serious departure from normal functions
what is psychosis in mental disorders?
loss of contact with reality, e.g. hallucinations, delusions
what is neurosis in mental disorders?
non-psychotic disorders, e.g. anxiety, depression
what is the DSM-5
- descriptive tool used to identify and classify symptoms of mental disorders
- does not specify the causes of mental disorder or direct the treatment
what is the ICD-10
- used to diagnose health problems - both mental and physical
- covers a wider range than DSM, but less information
what is a mood disorder?
mental disorder impacting an individual’s mood, to the point where it impacts their daily life and functioning, e.g. major depressive disorder
what is a personality disorder?
psychological disorder in which an individual shows a rigid and unhealthy pattern of thinking, feeling and behaving. they typically have difficulty perceiving or relating to other people, e.g. antisocial personality disorder
what is a psychotic disorder?
mental disorder causing abnormal thinking or behaviour, and a loss of contact with reality, e.g. schizophrenia
what is an anxiety disorder?
mental disorder in which the frequency and intensity of anxiety is out of proportion with the situation and intereferes with everyday life, e.g. generalised anxiety disorder
what is a risk factor?
contributes to the likelihood of a person developing or relapsing into a psychological disorder
what is a protective factor?
guards against the onset or relapse of a mental disorder
what are the four P’s of factors influencing mental disorders?
- predisposing: genetic vulnerability
- precipitating: the patient’s current situation
- perpetuating: inhibiting recovery
- protective: preventing
what are biological risk factors?
- genetic vulnerability
- medication response
- poor sleep
- substance abuse
what are psychological risk factors?
- rumination
- impaired reasoning or memory
- stress
- poor self-efficacy
what are social risk factors?
- disorganised attachment
- loss of significant relationships
what is the biopsychosocial approach?
a holistic approach to treating psychological disorders by looking at biological, psychological and sociocultural factors
what is psychotherapy?
method of treating mental disorders that uses psychological rather than medical means, e.g. CBT
