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MCAT Behavioral Sciences > Psychological Disorders > Flashcards

Psychological Disorders Flashcards

(74 cards)

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1
Q

Biomedical approach

A

Symptom reduction of biomedical disturbances

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2
Q

Biopsychosocial approach

A

Biological, social, psychological components to an individual’s disorder

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3
Q

Indirect therapy

A

Increase social support by educating and empowering family and friends of affected individuals

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4
Q

Schizophrenia

A

Psychotic disorder with symptoms for at least 6 months

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5
Q

Psychotic disorder

A

Delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thought, disorganized behavior, catatonia, negative symptoms

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6
Q

Positive symptoms of schizophrenia

A

Behaviors, thoughts, or feelings added to normal behavior

Delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thought, disorganized behaviors

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7
Q

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia

A

Absence of normal or desired behavior

Disturbance of affect and avolition

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8
Q

Delusions

A

False beliefs discordant with reality and not shared by others in the individual’s culture that are maintained in spite of strong evidence to the contrary

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9
Q

Delusions of reference

A

Involve belief that common elements in environment are directed toward the individual

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10
Q

Delusions of persecution

A

Belief that the person is being deliberately interfered with, discriminated against, plotted against, or threatened

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11
Q

Delusions of grandeur

A

Belief that the person is remarkable in some significant way

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12
Q

Thought of broadcasting

A

Belief that one’s thoughts are broadcast directly from one’s head

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13
Q

Thought insertion

A

Belief thoughts are being placed in one’s head

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14
Q

Hallucinations

A

Perceptions that are not due to external stimuli but have a compelling sense of reality (hearing voices)

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15
Q

Disorganized thought

A

Loosening of associations- cannot follow association
Word salad stringing of words
Neologisms-inventing new words

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16
Q

Disorganized behavior

A

Inability to carry out activities of daily living

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17
Q

Cataonia

A

Certain motor behaviors characteristic of a schizophrenic person

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18
Q

Echolalia

A

Repeating another’s words

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19
Q

Echophraxia

A

Imitating another’s actions

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20
Q

Disturbance of affect

A

Blunting-Reduced intensity of affect expression
Flat affect- no emotional expression
Inappropriate affect- Affect is clearly discordant with the content of individual’s speech

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21
Q

Avolition

A

Decreased engagement in purposeful, goal-directed actions

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22
Q

Prodromal phase

A

Schizophrenic stage before diagnosis of poor adjustment-clear evidence of deterioration
Followed by active stage of symptomatic behavior

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23
Q

Major depressive disorder

A

Mood disorder of at least one major depressive episode

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24
Q

Major depressive episode

A

Period of at least two weeks with at least five of symptoms

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25
Major depressive episode symptoms: SIG E. CAPS
``` Sadness + Sleep Interest (anhedonia) Guilt Energy Concentration Appetite Psychomotor symptoms Suicidal thoughts ```
26
Persistant depressive disorder
Dysthymia- depressed mood that's not criteria of major depressive episode
27
Seasonal affective disorder (SAD)
Major depressive disorder with seasonal onset | Bright light therapy
28
Bipolar disorder
Depression and mania
29
Manic episodes
Abnormal and persistently elevated mood lasting at least one week with at least: increased distractibility, decreased need for sleep, inflated self-esteem or grandiosity, racing thoughts, increased goal-directed behavior, pressured speech or high risk behavior
30
Bipolar I disorder
Manic episodes with or without major depressive episodes
31
Bipolar II disorder
Hypomania with at least one major depressive episode
32
Hypomania
No impairment to functioning, but more energetic and optimistic
33
Cyclothymic disorder
Combination of hypomanic episodes and periods of dysthymia not severe enough to be depressive episodes
34
Symptoms of Manic episodes (DIG FAST)
``` Distractible Inomnia Grandiosity Flight of ideas Agitation Speech Thoughtlessness ```
35
Monoamine/Catecholamine theory of depression
Too much norepinephrine and serotonin lead to mania | Too little leads to depression
36
Generalized anxiety disorder
Disproportionate and persistent worry about many different things
37
Specific phobia
Anxiety produced by specific objects of situations
38
Social anxiety disorder
Anxiety due to social situations
39
Agoraphobia
Fear of being in a place or in situation where it might be hard to escape
40
Panic disorder
Fear and apprehension, trembling, sweating, hyperventilation, and sense of unreality
41
OCD
Obsessions-persistent, intrusive thoughts and impulses | Compulsions-Repetitive tasks that relieve tension but causes significant impairment in a person's life
42
Body dysmorphic disorder
Person has an unrealistic negative evaluation of his or her personal apperance and attractiveness
43
PTSD
Instrusion symptoms, avoidance symptoms, negative cognitive symptoms, and arousal symptoms
44
Intrusion symptoms
Recurrent reliving of the event, flashbacks, nightmare, prolonged distress
45
Avoidance symptoms
Deliberate attempts to avoid memories, people, places, activities, objects associated with trauma
46
Negative cognitive symptoms
Inability to recall key features of event, distance feeling from others, persistent negative view of the world
47
Arousal symptoms
Increased startle response, irritability, anxiety, self-destructive or reckless behavior, and sleep disturbance
48
Acute stress disorder
Symptoms but less than for one month
49
Dissociative disorder
Person avoids stress by escaping from his identity
50
Dissociative amnesia
Inability to recall past experiences linked to trauma Dissociative fuge-sudden,unexprected move or purposeless wandering from home Confusion of identity
51
Dissociative identity disorder
Two or more personalities that recurrently take control of a person's behavior and identity components fail to integrate
52
Depersonalization/derealization disorder
Individuals feel detached from their own mind/body and surroundings
53
Somatic(bodily) symptom disorder
Have at least one somatic symptom that can be linked to an underlying medical condition and has concern about seriousness, time, and anxiety
54
Illness anxiety disorder
Characterized by being consumed with thoughts about having or developing a serious medical condition
55
Conversion Disorder
Unexplained symptoms affecting vountary motor or sensory functions (Blindness, paralysis)
56
Personality disorder
Pattern of behavior that is inflexible and maladaptive causing distress or impaired functioning in at least 2: cognition, emotions, interpersonal functioning, impulse control
57
Ego-syntonic
Individual perceives behavior as correct, normal or in harmony with goal
58
Ego-dystonic
Individual sees illness as thrust upon them and is intrusive and bothersome
59
Cluster A personality disorder (Weird)
Paranoid, Schizotypal, Schizoid
60
Cluster B personality disorder (Wild)
Antisocial, boderline, histrionic, narcissistic
61
Cluster C personality disorder (Worried)
Avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive
62
Schizotypal personality disorder
Pattern odd or eccentric thinking
63
Schizoid personality disorder
Pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of emotional expression
64
Antisocial personality disorder
Pattern of disregard for and violations of rights of others
65
Borderline personality disorder
Pervasive instability interpersonal behavior , mood, and self-image Fear abandonment and split people into all good or all bad
66
HIstronic personality disorder
Constant attention-seeking behavior
67
Narcissitic personality disorder
Grandiose sense of self-importance, feeling of entitlement
68
OCPD
perfectionist and inflexible, like rules and order
69
Schizophrenia neurotransmitter
Excess dopamine in brain | Partially inherited
70
Depressive disorder markers
High glucose metabolism in amygdala Hippocampal atrophy after long duration of illness High levels of glucocorticoids (cortisol)`
71
Alzheimer's disease
Dementia with gradual memory loss, disorientation, problems with abstract thought, misplacement of things, personality change, poor judgement, loss of initiative
72
Biological factors of Alzheimer's
``` Diffuse atrophy of brain Flattened sulci Enlarged cerebral ventricles Deficient blood flow to parietal lobes Reduced ACh Senile plaques of B-amyloid Reduced metabolism in temporal and parietal lobe ```
73
Symptoms of Parkinson's
Loss of dopamine to control basal ganglia Bradykinesia Resting tremor Pill-rolling tremor Masklike facies (statitc and expresionless facial features) Cogwheel rigidity (muscle tension intermittently halts movement) Shuffling gait
74
Bipolar disorder increased what hormone?
Seratonin

MCAT Behavioral Sciences (6 decks)

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