psychological explanations for offending behaviour

Question 1

support for the criminal personality

Answer 1

eysenck

Question 2

what does eysenck support

Answer 2

criminal personality

Question 3

describe eysenck

Answer 3

compared 2070 male prisoners’ scores on the EPI with 2422 controls. on all three traits, across all age groups, the prisoners had higher scores than the controls.

Question 4

evidence for cultural bias in criminal personality

Answer 4

bartol and holanchock

Question 5

what does bartol and holanchock show

Answer 5

cultural bias in the criminal personality

Question 6

describe bartol and holanchock

Answer 6

found that hispanic and african-american offenders were less extraverted than non-criminals

Question 7

contradictory evidence for criminal personality

Answer 7

farrington

Question 8

what does farrington contradict

Answer 8

criminal personality

Question 9

describe farrington

Answer 9

found that offenders tended to score high on psychoticism, but not extraversion or neuroticism.

Question 10

support for levels of moral reasoning

Answer 10

kohlberg

Question 11

what does kohlberg support

Answer 11

levels of moral reasoning

Question 12

describe kohlberg

Answer 12

studied boys aged 7, 10, 13, and 16, giving them interviews about moral dilemmas. found that younger boys were in level 1, pre-morality, and older boys were in level 2 - conventional morality

Question 13

evidence for cultural bias in levels of moral reasoning

Answer 13

gibbs

Question 14

what does gibbs show

Answer 14

cultural bias in levels of moral reasoning

Question 15

describe gibbs

Answer 15

suggested that kohlberg’s post-conventional stage of moral reasoning was culturally biased to western cultures

Question 16

contradictory evidence for levels of moral reasoning

Answer 16

thornton and reid, langdon

Question 17

what does thornton and reid contradict

Answer 17

levels of moral reasoning

Question 18

describe thornton and reid

Answer 18

found that the level of moral reasoning in criminals depended on the crime they had committed

Question 19

what does langdon contradict

Answer 19

levels of moral reasoning

Question 20

describe langdon

Answer 20

suggested that intelligence may be a better predictor of criminal behaviour, rather than moral reasoning

Question 21

support for hostile attribution bias

Answer 21

schonenburg and justye, dodge and frame

Question 22

what does schonenburg and justye support

Answer 22

hostile attribution bias

Question 23

what does dodge and frame support

Answer 23

hostile attribution bias

Question 24

schonenburg and justye

Answer 24

presented 55 violent offenders with images of emotionally ambiguous faces. when compared to a matched, non-aggressive control group, violent offenders found more images hostile or aggressive

Question 25

describe dodge and frame

Answer 25

showed children a video of an ambiguous provocation, and those who were identified as aggressive were more likely to view the situation as hostile than the non-aggressive children

Question 26

support for minimalisation

Answer 26

barbaree, pollock and hashmall

Question 27

what does barbaree support

Answer 27

minimalisation

Question 28

what does pollock and hashmall support

Answer 28

minimalisation

Question 29

describe barbaree

Answer 29

found that amongst 26 convicted rapists, 54% denied they had committed any offence, and 40% minimised the harm they had caused to the victim

Question 30

describe pollock and hashmall

Answer 30

found that 35% of their sample of child molesters stated that their crime was non-sexual and just affectionate, and 36% stated that the victim had consented

Question 31

support for differential association

Answer 31

farrington et al.

Question 32

what does farrington et al. support

Answer 32

differential association

Question 33

describe farrington et al.

Answer 33

found that childhood risk factors, such as family criminality, poverty, low school attainment, and poor parenting made offending behaviour more likely

Question 34

support for maternal deprivation

Answer 34

bowlby

Question 35

what does bowlby support

Answer 35

maternal deprivation

Question 36

describe bowlby

Answer 36

found that maternal deprivation can lead to affectionless psychopathy and criminal behaviour

Question 37

contradictory evidence for maternal deprivation

Answer 37

lewis

Question 38

what does lewis contradict

Answer 38

maternal deprivation

Question 39

describe lewis

Answer 39

analysed interviews with 500 offenders and found maternal deprivation to be a poor predictor of criminality