PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF

Question 1

Came from Greek words “psyche” and “logos”, which literally means “soul” and “mind study”

Scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

As a science, it is concerned with how we develop our sense of self over the course of its development

Answer 1

PSYCHOLOGY

Question 2

American Psychologist

The Self as a Duality

distinguished between two aspects of the self: the “I” and the “Me”. This duality is central to his understanding of the self

Answer 2

WILLIAM JAMES

Question 3

WILLIAM JAMES
(3) The Self as a Duality

Answer 3

•Material Self
•Social Self
•Spiritual Self

Question 4

This includes the body, possessions, and the tangible aspects of one’s identity.

Answer 4

Material Self

Question 5

This encompasses the self that is perceived through interactions with others and the roles one plays in social contexts.

Answer 5

Social Self

Question 6

This involves one’s inner self, including personal beliefs, values, and the sense of one’s inner life.

Answer 6

Spiritual Self

Question 7

He saw the self as something that is not only a psychological construct but also a functional, practical entity that adapts to and interacts with the environment. The self is not a fixed entity but something that is defined and redefined through experiences and interactions.

He believed that individuals have the power to make choices and exert control over their actions, which in turn affects their self- concept and identity.

Answer 7

WILLIAM JAMES

Question 8

American Psychologist

He defines the self as a flexibile and changing perception of personal Identity. The self is the center of experience

He suggests that the self develops from interactions with significant people and awareness of one’s own characteristics and level of functioning. According to ______, human beings are always striving for self fulfillment of self actualization. When the needs of the self are denled, severe anxiety may arise.

Answer 8

CARL ROGERS

Question 9

Rogers suggests two components of self-concept

Answer 9

the real self and
the ideal self.

Question 10

refers to the image of oneself
how you perceve your behavior, abilities and unique characteristics

Answer 10

Self Concept

Question 11

This refers to a person’s actual, authentic self-the real self as it exists in the present moment, it’s the set that reflects a person’s genuine feelings, thoughts, and experiences.

Answer 11

True Self

Question 12

represents the person’s aspirations, goals, and the kind of person they wish to be it encompasses the traits and characteristics that an individual believes are desirable or necessary for a fulfilling life. The _________ is often shaped by societal expectations. personal values, and aspirations.

Answer 12

Ideal Self

Question 13

to describe a sense of self based on spontaneous authentic experience and a feeling of being alive, having a real self.

Answer 13

TRUE SELF

Question 14

Is to hide and protect the true self

Answer 14

FALSE SELF

Question 15

American Psychologist

perspective on the self is central to his broader theory of human motivation, particularly through his concept of self-actualization.

Answer 15

ABRAHAM MASLOW

Question 16

most famous concept is ____-_________, which he described as the realization of one’s potentiel, self-fulfillment, seeking personal growth, and peak experiences.

Answer 16

Self-Actualization

Question 17

Maslow differentiated between two types of motivation:

Answer 17

Deficit orientation
Growth orientation

Question 18

is driven by a lack of fulfilling basic needs.

Answer 18

Deficit orientation

Question 19

Is about seeking self-improvement and achieving one’s potential. Self- actualization falls under ______ ___________, focusing on personal development rather than merely fulfilling basic needs.

Answer 19

Growth orientation

Question 20

Canadian-American Psychologist

Answer 20

ALBERT BANDURA

Question 21

is the sense of control that you fee in your life, your capacity to influence your own thoughts and behaviors and have faith in your ability

handle a wide range of tasks and situations. Your serse of agency helps you to be psychologically stable, yet flexible in the face of conflies or charge.

Answer 21

Personal Agency

Question 22

Bandura’s (4) main features of human agency

Answer 22

1.Intentionality
2.Forethought
3.Self-Reactiveness
4.Self-Reflectiveness

Question 23

refers to the acts done intentionally

Answer 23

1.Intentionality

Question 24

enables the person to anticipate the likely consequences of prospective actions

Answer 24

2.Forethought

Question 25

Involves making choices and choosing appropriate courses of action as well as motivating and regulating them.

Answer 25

3.Self-Reactiveness

Question 26

gives the person the ability to reflect upon and the adequacy of his or her thoughts and actions

Answer 26

4.Self-Reflectiveness

Question 27

One of Bandura most influential concepts is ________, which refers to an individual’s belief in their ability to successfuly execute the behaviors required to achieve specific gas flantura posited that ________ influences how people approach challenges, set goals, and persist in the face of obstacles resilence, while low lack of persistance High selt efficacy can lead to greater motivacion and ___________ can result ansidance of challenges and a

Answer 27

self-efficacy

Question 28

Social Learning Theory:

(5) Bandura’s social earning theory

Answer 28

♤Modeling
♡Attention
◇Retention
♧Reproduction
○Motivation

Question 29

Observing others and imitating their behaviors. This can occur through direct observation or through media.

Answer 29

Modeling

Question 30

individuals must be able to remember features of the model’s behaviоr

Answer 30

Retention

Question 31

individuals must be capable of reproducing the observed behavior

Answer 31

Reproduction

Question 32

individuals must have the __________ to perform the behavior which is influenced by perceived rewards and purishments.

Answer 32

Motivation

Question 33

This refers to the subjective, experiential aspect of the self -the “self” that experiences, thinks, and fees it is the sef as the knower or the self that is aware. The “__” is more elusive and harder to define because it is not an object of direct introspection but rather the subject of experience.

Answer 33

The “I”:

Question 34

This represents the self as an object of reflection and awareness. It includes everything that one can consider as part of oneself, such as personal attributes, roles, and social dentity. The “__” is divided into three components the material self, the social self and the spiritual self

Answer 34

The “Me”:

Question 35

According to ______, the true self is often clouded or distorted by external influences and internal conflicts. In a healthy psychological state, the true selfs aligned with one’s genuine emotions and experiences.

Answer 35

Carl Rogers

Question 36

According to ___________, self- actualizatiom is the highest level of psychological development, where an individual becomes the most that they can be, both personally and professionally. This includes being creative, problem-solving, and striving for growth and self-improvement.

Answer 36

Abraham Maslow