Psychological Problems

Question 1

Unipolar depression

Answer 1

a type of mood disorder causing periods of feeling sad and lacking motivation to do everyday activities.

Question 2

Mental health problem

Answer 2

A form of psychological problem characterised by symptoms affecting your mind and behaviour; they can affect how you think, how you feel, how you behave or how you relate to other people

Question 3

Twin studies

Answer 3

Research that compares behaviour in groups of twins to see if there are similarities in each park of twins

Question 4

Monozygotic twins

Answer 4

Twins developed from one fertilised egg that has split into two; monozygotic twins are genetically identical

Question 5

Dizygotic twins

Answer 5

Twins developed from two different eggs fertilised during the same pregnancy; dizygotic twins are not genetically identical

Question 6

Genetic predisposition

Answer 6

A biological tendency to develop a particular behaviour as a result of the genes someone has

Question 7

Diathesis-stress model

Answer 7

An explanation for depression that claims people can have a gene that makes them more likely to develop depression, but only if they face stressful situation that triggers depressive thoughts

Question 8

Serotonin

Answer 8

A neurotransmitter associated with controlling mood

Question 9

Deterministic

Answer 9

Our actions come from what we are born with and what we experience; this is the opposite of having ‘free will’ or free choice

Question 10

Free will

Answer 10

Explanations of behaviour that claim we have the ability to choose exactly what type of behaviour we want to show; this is opposite of being ‘determind’

Question 11

Cognitive theory

Answer 11

An explanation that focuses on how thought process influence behaviour

Question 12

Negative triad

Answer 12

A set of three thought patterns where people feel bad about themselves, the future and the world in general

Question 13

Magnification

Answer 13

A form of cognitive bias that makes people see their problems as far bigger than they actually are

Question 14

Nature

Answer 14

Explanations of behaviour that focus on innate factors (the things we born with)

Question 15

Nurture

Answer 15

Explanations of behaviour that focus on environmental factors (the things that happen to us)

Question 16

Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)

Answer 16

A therapy for mental health disorder that aims to change thought processes in order to reduce symptoms

Question 17

Neurotransmitters

Answer 17

Chemicals found within nervous system that pass message from one neuron to another across a synapse

Question 18

Noradrenaline

Answer 18

A type of neurotransmitter that is involved in mood and is released during times of stress

Question 19

Reuptake

Answer 19

The process by which neurons reabsorb neurotransmitters tha they released

Question 20

Placebo

Answer 20

An inactive substance or ‘fake pill’, used instead of an active substance. The person given a placebo will not know it is fake

Question 21

Relapse

Answer 21

A return of symptoms after treatment has been given

Question 22

Addiction

Answer 22

A mental health problem that means people need a particular thing- a substance or an activity- in order to be able to go go about their normal routine

Question 23

Withdrawal

Answer 23

A set of unpleasant physical or psychological symptoms someone gets when they are trying to quit or cannot satisfy their addiction

Question 24

Learning theory

Answer 24

An explanation that believes behaviour is learned through associations and experiences

Question 25

Classical conditioning

Answer 25

Learning my associations

Question 26

Operant conditioning

Answer 26

Learning from the consequences of actions

Question 27

Social learning theory

Answer 27

Behaviour is learned through observation and limitations of role models

Question 28

Reinforcement

Answer 28

An outcome resulting from behaviour that increases the chance of the behaviour that increases the chance of the behaviour being repeated or avoided in the future. The outcome may be the result of gaining something positive, or of something negative being removed

Question 29

Functional analysis

Answer 29

The first stage of CBT to treat addiction that identifies triggers

Question 30

Skills training

Answer 30

The second stage of CBT to treat addiction whereby addicts learn ways to control the patterns of behaviour that lead to their addiction

Question 31

Detoxification

Answer 31

When an addict tries taking the substance they are addicted to

Question 32

Longitudinal study

Answer 32

The same people are tested over a period of time to investigate changes

Question 33

Likert- type scale

Answer 33

A scale where a person can rate their level of agreement