Psychological Problems

Question 1

Schz symptoms

Answer 1

Her dog can not dance
Hallucinations
Delusions
Catatonic behaviour
Negative symptoms
Disorganised speech

Question 2

Biological theory schizophrenia dopamine

Answer 2

• too many d2 receptors
• more dopamine binding

Question 3

Biological theory brain dysfunction

Answer 3

• less blood flow in frontal lobe (responsible for problem solving)
• Reduced volume of hippocampus
• causing poor cognitive functioning & accessing / processing memories

Question 4

Limitations of biological theory

Answer 4

• ignored nurture - importance of upbringing
• Reductionist -focuses too much on brain abnormalities

Question 5

Social drift theory

Answer 5

• individuals with schizophrenia will naturally drift to the bottom of society
• ‘Label’ of schizophrenia could lead to
  the condition worsening - due to the
  associated stigma around mental illness
• schzos may withdraw from society due to discrimination and symptoms
• leads to rejection from society- not following norms
• leads to further disengagement
• ultimately causing
  further deterioration of mental health

Question 6

Limitations of social drift

Answer 6

• could be social class factors like poverty and stress that cause schizophrenia

-doesn’t explain cause and effect - just effect of diagnosis

Question 7

Symptoms of depression

Answer 7

• lack of motivation
• low self esteem
• low mood
• loss of appetite

Question 8

What type of theory is social rank

Answer 8

Evolution

Question 9

Social rank theory

Answer 9

• when we lose status we lose confidence in our abilities
• if we try to regain rank we may get hurt ( rejection from social group or physical harm )
• depression allows us to accept a subordinate role

Question 10

Limitations of social rank

Answer 10

• ignores nurture - other life factors i.e trauma
• reductionist - ignores complexity of depression

Question 11

Abc model

Answer 11

• depression is caused by an activating event that lead to irrational beliefs causing negative consequences
• ellis
• individuals prone to depression will perceive things more negatively

Question 12

Limitations of abc model

Answer 12

• ignores nature- role of chemical processes in the brain
• free will - puts responsibility/ blame on patient

Question 13

Daniel et al aim

Answer 13

See amphetamines effect on cognitive function of the brain while doing tasks

Question 14

Daniel experimental design

Answer 14

• sample- 10 schzos from same hospital
• double blind
• Lab experiment
• repeated measures

Question 15

Daniel experiment procedure

Answer 15

• given drug to stabilise symptoms
• given placebo or amphetamine
• completed bar test (control) and wccst
• whilst having a spect scan

Question 16

Daniel experiment findings

Answer 16

• No difference in BAR task (control)
• Small difference between amphetamine & placebo in the WCST as some areas of the prefrontal
  cortex were active

Question 17

Daniel limitations

Answer 17

• sample too small - cant be generalised , cultural bias
• stabilisation drug could impact results

Question 18

Tabdoc study aim

Answer 18

If facebook use could predict depression

Question 19

Tandoc experimental design

Answer 19

• sample - over 800 students From us university
• questionnaire - online survey

Question 20

Tandoc procedure

Answer 20

COMPLETE QUESTIONNAIRE MEASURING 3 THINGS
- facebook usage and surveillance
- envy scale
- depression symptoms

Question 21

Tandoc findings and conclusions

Answer 21

• heavy facebook users = stronger feelings of envy
• size of fb fruends not related to envy
• fb envy was predictor for depression
  -fb usage not directly linked to depression

Question 22

Tandoc limitations

Answer 22

• cultural bias - cannot be generalised
• self report participants could gave lied - social desireabolity

Question 23

Components/ stages of cbt

Answer 23

• 1Initial assessment
• 2 Goal setting
• 3 Identifying negative/irrational thoughts and challenging these (D - disrupting)
• 4 Homework (E - effect)

Question 24

Tandoc study conclusion

Answer 24

Use of FB not directly lead to
depression. But, FB envy can
lead to depression

Question 25

what is facebook surveillance (tandoc)

Answer 25

Facebook surveillance involves looking
at friends’ status’ but not commenting or
posting own information.

Question 26

tandoc limitations

Answer 26

• Sample culturally biased unrepresentative & can’t be generalised
• Self-report: participants could have lied due to social desirability

Question 27

requirements for “good” mental health

Answer 27

• high self-esteem
• autonomy
• self-actualisation
• accurate perception of reality

Question 28

what did the mental health act 1959

Answer 28

Mental Health Act (1959) - aims to reduce
stigma & discrimination

Question 29

neuropsychologyical tests created as an application of research

Answer 29

Wisconsin Card Sort test (WCST)- frontal lobe
function
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) – severity of
depression
PET scan - shows blood flow in the brain

Question 30

what does the wcst measure

Answer 30

frontal lobe function

Question 31

what does the beck depression inventory measure

Answer 31

serverity of depression

Question 32

what do pet scans show

Answer 32

blood flow in the brain

Question 33

how do drugs help to treat depression

Answer 33

:anti-depressant drugs increase the
number of neurotransmitters in the brain (serotonin or noradrenaline). Excess serotonin helps the neurons communicate better, which helps people feel less depressed

Question 34

how do drugs help to treat schizophrenia

Answer 34

anti-psychotic drugs act by blocking
some of the dopamine receptors. By reducing thelevel of dopamine, it reduces the effects of the
psychotic episode.

Question 35

what is cbt

Answer 35

CBT – aims to change how the individual thinks &behaves
- to confront the negative irrational thoughts and how they impact on the individual.
Uses Ellis’ A-B-C model and adds
D= Disputing (questioning) the persons
irrational beliefs and E= Effect of
changing the interpretation of an event