Psychological problems

Question 1

Mental health

Answer 1

A person’s emotional and psychological wellbeing.

Question 2

Mental health problem

Answer 2

Diagnosable conditions in which a person’s thoughts, feelings and behaviours change, causing them to be less able to cope or function.

Question 3

What does ICD stand for?

Answer 3

International Classification of Diseases

Question 4

What is the ICD?

Answer 4

The book that gives criteria for a diagnosis, used by medical professionals.

Question 5

Stigma

Answer 5

A feeling of disapproval that most people have in a society about a particular thing.

Question 6

Diagnosis

Answer 6

An identification of the problem based on symptoms, done by a medical professional.

Question 7

Unipolar depression

Answer 7

Clinical depression, characterised by low mood, loss of interest and low energy.

Question 8

Sadness

Answer 8

A basic human emotion, characterised by low mood.

Question 9

Bipolar depression

Answer 9

Manic depression, characterised by depressive symptoms as well as high moods known as mania.

Question 10

Nature

Answer 10

Things that are innate (we are born with them). Influenced by biology e.g. genetics.

Question 11

Nurture

Answer 11

Things that we develop over time, based on our upbringing, experiences and environment.

Question 12

How do schemas explain depression?

Answer 12

Traumatic events or bad experiences can cause people to develop negative ones which can lead to errors in thinking.

Question 13

How can attributions explain depression?

Answer 13

People with depression tend to blame negative events on internal and

Question 14

Internal attribution

Answer 14

Caused by themselves.

Question 15

External attribution

Answer 15

Caused by something outside of them.

Question 16

Stable attribution.

Answer 16

An unchangeable, constant cause.

Question 17

Unstable attribution.

Answer 17

A temporary, changeable cause.

Question 18

Neuron

Answer 18

Nerve cells that make up the nervous system.

Question 19

Synapse

Answer 19

The gap between neurons.

Question 20

Neurotransmitters

Answer 20

Chemicals that pass information across a synapse.

Question 21

Serotonin

Answer 21

A neurotransmitter believed to be involved in depression.

Question 22

What is the biological explanation for depression?

Answer 22

An imbalance of serotonin in the brain.

Question 23

SSRIs

Answer 23

A type of antidepressant that helps to increase levels of serotonin in the brain.

Question 24

Antidepressants

Answer 24

Medication used to treat the biological causes of depression.

Question 25

What does CBT stand for?

Answer 25

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy

Question 26

What is CBT?

Answer 26

A talking therapy that aims to change thinking patterns.

Question 27

What was the main finding of Wiles' study?

Answer 27

That CBT is an effective way of treating depression for people who don't respond to antidepressants on their own.

Question 28

Longitudinal study

Answer 28

One that follows participants over a long period of time.

Question 29

Substance misuse

Answer 29

Using a substance for purposes, or in amounts, that aren't how it's meant to be used.

Question 30

Substance abuse

Answer 30

Using a substance in a harmful or dangerous way.

Question 31

Addiction

Answer 31

Using a substance to the point of becoming entirely focused on it and needing to have it regularly to avoid withdrawal symptoms.

Question 32

Dependence

Answer 32

Using a substance to the point where the brain and body being unable to function normally without it.

Question 33

Dependence syndrome

Answer 33

A diagnosis given when someone has a strong and overwhelming need to take a substance, that becomes more important than other behaviours.

Question 34

Genetic vulnerability towards addiction

Answer 34

A higher likelihood of becoming addicted, inherited from their biological parents.

Question 35

Identical twins

Answer 35

Twins that come from the same cell. They have the same DNA.

Question 36

Fraternal twins

Answer 36

Twins that come from separate cells. They have different DNA.

Question 37

What was the main finding of Kaij's study?

Answer 37

That alcoholism has genetic factors that could be inherited.

Question 38

Conformity

Answer 38

Changing one's behaviour to fit in with a group.

Question 39

Peer pressure

Answer 39

Being convinced by others around you to do a certain behaviour.

Question 40

Aversion therapy

Answer 40

A treatment that pairs up an addictive behaviour with something unpleasant.

Question 41

Self-management groups

Answer 41

A treatment that involves meeting regularly with fellow recovering and former addicts.

Question 42

Reductionist treatment

Answer 42

A treatment that only focuses on one factor.

Question 43

Holistic treatment

Answer 43

A treatment that focuses on all parts of the person's life.