Psychology

Question 1

Behavioural Perspective

Answer 1

Concerned with behaviours and not mental processes.

Question 2

B.F. Skinner

Answer 2

A behaviourist who studied how the use of rewards and punishment can influence behaviour. (Operant conditioning)

Experiment:

The Skinner Box - the rat learns that the reward for pushing the lever is food

Question 3

Ivan Pavlov

Answer 3

A behaviourist known for his work in classical conditioning.

Question 4

Classical Conditioning

Answer 4

A type of learning where a once neutral stimulus comes to produce a particular response after paring with a conditioned stimulus.

Question 5

Pavlov’s Dog

Answer 5

Question 6

Operant Conditioning

Answer 6

A type of learning that uses rewards and punishment to achieve a desired behaviour.

Question 7

Dependent Variable

Answer 7

The variable that is being measured in an experiment.

(i.e. in a study on the effects of tutoring on test scores, the dependent variable would be the participants test scores.)

Question 8

Independent Variable

Answer 8

The characteristic of an experiment that is manipulated or changed.

(i.e. in an experiment looking at the effects of studying on test scores, studying would be the independent variable.)

Question 9

Control

Answer 9

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Question 10

Frontal Lobe

Answer 10

Involved in speaking and planning actions.

Question 11

Parietal Lobe

Answer 11

Contains important sensory centres.

Question 12

Temporal Lobe

Answer 12

Contains centres of hearing and memory.

Question 13

Occipital Lobe

Answer 13

Contains centres of vision and reading ability.

Question 14

Cerebellum

Answer 14

Regulates balance, posture, movement, and muscle coordination.

Question 15

Brain Stem

Answer 15

Motor and sensory pathway to body and face. Vital centres: cardiac, respiratory and vasomotor.

Question 16

Medulla Oblongata

Answer 16

Controls automatic functions (i.e. breathing, heartbeat, etc.)

Question 17

Pituitary Gland

Answer 17

A gland that creates hormones.

Question 18

Pons

Answer 18

The part of the brainstem that joins the hemisphere of the cerebrum with the cerebellum. (Located just above the medulla oblongata)

Question 19

Spinal Cord

Answer 19

A thick bundle of nerve fibres that runs from the base of the brain to the hip area, running through the spine. (Located just below the brainstem.)

Question 20

One brain or two? (Significance?)

Answer 20

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Question 21

Psychodynamic Perspective

Answer 21

A term referring to the psychological theories that explain behaviour in terms of unconscious dynamics within the individual. (i.e inner conflicts)

Question 22

Unconscious Mind

Answer 22

Where information that we are not aware of is processed.

• It holds unacceptable thoughts, feelings and memories according to Freud.
• It includes patterns of memories, instincts and experiences common to all according to Jung.

Question 23

Cognitive Perspective

Answer 23

An approach to psychology that emphasizes mental processes in perception, memory, language, problem solving and other areas of behaviour.

Question 24

Physiological Perspective

Answer 24

An approach to psychology that emphasizes bodily events and changed associated with actions, feelings and thoughts.

Question 25

Sociocultural Perspective

Answer 25

An approach to psychology that emphasizes social and cultural influences on behaviour.