PSYCHOLOGY

Question 1

personality

Answer 1

person’s typical thoughts, emotional responses, and behaviors that are relatively stable over time and across circumstances

Question 2

self-concept

Answer 2

everything an individual thinks, believes, and feels about him/herself

Question 3

self-esteem

Answer 3

how you feel about your sense of self

Question 4

Dunning-Kruger effect

Answer 4

person’s lack of knowledge and skills in a certain area cause them to overestimate their own competence

Question 5

narcissts

Answer 5

people who have inflated self-esteem

Question 6

machiavellianism

Answer 6

those who manipulate others for their own gain and who lack conventional morality

Question 7

dark triad

Answer 7

combination of psychopathy, narcissism, and machiavellians

Question 8

personality theory

Answer 8

attempts to explain how and why people are similar and different

Question 9

freuds famous technique of free association…

Answer 9

…involved patients spontaneously reporting mental images, thoughts, and feelings as they came to mind

Question 10

Id

Answer 10

animalistic part of the mind that generates our most primal, biologically based impulses such as sex and aggression

Question 11

Id.

Answer 11

pleasure principle, avoid pain, and reduce tension

Question 12

superego

Answer 12

the part of the mind that opposes the Id by enforcing rules, restrictions, and morality

Question 13

superego.

Answer 13

similar to conscience

Question 14

ego

Answer 14

part of the mind that serves as realistic mediator between the Id and the superego

Question 15

ego.

Answer 15

reality principle

Question 16

denial

Answer 16

blocking external events from consciousness because they are too threatening

Question 17

repression

Answer 17

involuntary blocking of an unsettling feeling or memory from conscious thought

Question 18

freud believes oedipus complex produces…

Answer 18

…castration anxiety in little boys and penis envy in little girls

Question 19

many psychoanalytic difficult to test because…

Answer 19

…cannot be operationally defined and objectively measured

Question 20

neo-freudians revised…

Answer 20

…but did not reject freuds notion that unconscious mental processes influences behavior

Question 21

carl jung

Answer 21

believes that personality continues to develop throughout life span

Question 22

jung

Answer 22

1st to describe the basic characteristic of the introvert versus the extravert personality type

Question 23

karen horney

Answer 23

emphasized the importance of human relationships in personality development

Question 24

according to psychoanalyst karen horney…

Answer 24

…males often envy the capacity of women to bear childre=womb envy

Question 25

humanistic theories of personality

Answer 25

help promote the scientific study of creativity and the healthy personality

Question 26

social cognitive theorist

Answer 26

tend to believe that people are largely responsible for directing and controlling their own behavior

Question 27

surface traits

Answer 27

traits that are easy to infer from observable behaviors

Question 28

fiver-factor model of personality

Answer 28

the most widely accepted trait theory today

Question 29

minnesota multiphasic personality inventory (MMPI)

Answer 29

most widely used self-report inventory

Question 30

Rorschach inkblot test

Answer 30

asking a patient what he "saw" in the image made by an inkblot on a card

Question 31

when trying to determine abnormality...

Answer 31

...clinicians generally place more weight impairment in daily functioning

Question 32

DSM

Answer 32

criticized for the all-or-nothing adopts a categorical model of psychopathology

Question 33

anxiety

Answer 33

unpleasant emotional state that involves feelings of worry, dread, apprehension, and tension, along with heightened physical arousal

Question 34

anxiety disorder

Answer 34

most common category of psychological disorder

Question 35

phobia

Answer 35

strong, irrational feat that is triggered by a particular object or situation

Question 36

posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Answer 36

long-lasting anxiety disorder that developed in response to being exposed to a severe and often life-threatening trauma

Question 37

compulsion

Answer 37

when a person is driven to perform repetitive behaviors in a particular sequence or pattern

Question 38

studying the brains of people diagnosed with anxiety disorder...

Answer 38

...scientist have found the amygdala to be overactive and the prefrontal cortex to be under active

Question 39

major depression

Answer 39

"the common cold"

Question 40

bipolar disorder

Answer 40

manic depression

Question 41

major depression and bipolar disorder

Answer 41

tend to run in families

Question 42

borderline personality disorder

Answer 42

adolescent or early adult years

Question 43

schizophrenia

Answer 43

a severe psychological disorder in which the persons exhibits bizarre disturbances in thinking, perception, feeling, and behavior

Question 44

most common schizophrenia

Answer 44

paranoid type

Question 45

severe abuse or trauma is...

Answer 45

...common experience of individuals diagnosed with dissociative disorders

Question 46

caucasian females

Answer 46

most likely to seek psychotherapy

Question 47

free association

Answer 47

jaden is seeing a psychotherapist. he is asked to say whatever comes to mind without censoring his thoughts.

Question 48

first behavior therapist

Answer 48

mary cover jones

Question 49

classical conditioning

Answer 49

bell and pad treatment

Question 50

group therapy

Answer 50

therapy that is provided by one or more therapists working with several people simultaneously

Question 51

basic premise of family therapy

Answer 51

dynamic, interdependent system which each member plays a distinct role

Question 52

drug therapies

Answer 52

most common form of biomedical therapy

Question 53

psychotropic medication

Answer 53

drugs that alter mental functions, alleviate psychological symptoms, and are used to test psychological disorders

Question 54

1st antipsychotic medication

Answer 54

effectively reduced hallucinations, delusions, and other positive symptoms of schizophrenia

Question 55

antipsychotic drugs

Answer 55

typically treat psychological disorder, schizophrenia

Question 56

revolving door pattern

Answer 56

hospitalization, release, and rehospitalization of schizophrenic patients

Question 57

valium, librium, and other benzodiazepine anti-anxiety medications...

Answer 57

...less widely prescribed today then 20 years ago

Question 58

bipolar disorder (manic depression)

Answer 58

most commonly treated with medication lithium

Question 59

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

Answer 59

primarily used as treatment for severe depression

Question 60

relationship between therapist and client

Answer 60

collaborative