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Triology Exam > Psychology > Flashcards

Psychology Flashcards

1
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Social Sciences

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2
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Anthropology

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3
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Sociology

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4
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Psychology

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5
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Hypothesis

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6
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Case Study

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7
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Sample Surveys

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8
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Unstructured observation

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9
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Structured observation

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10
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Participant observation

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11
Q

Physical anthro
3 branches + definition

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Paleoanthropology, primatology, human variation
Where humans come from, how we evolve, what makes us unique

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12
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Cultural anthro

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13
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Subcultures

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A small group within a large one
Sharing beliefs, values and lifestyles distinct from the large group

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14
Q

Cultural materialism + founder

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Environment influences cultural development
Institutions must serve the culture or would disappear
Marvin Harris

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15
Q

Functional theory

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All beliefs, relationships, actions, ect, in a culture function for individuals needs

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16
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Feminist anthro

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Focuses on making anthro egalitarian
Study is male-dominated

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17
Q

Cultural relativism

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You can’t compare two cultures bc you’re biased and see through your own cultural lens

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18
Q

Reflexivity

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Reflecting on your world view/biases and their impact on the culture you’re studying

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19
Q

Linguistic anthro
3 branches

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How language affects and expresses culture
Historical, structural, sociolinguistics

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20
Q

Linguistic historical anthro

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Compares similarities and differences to show relation and migration
Sapir-Whorf theory, language shapes our cultural reality

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21
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Linguistic structural anthro + founder

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How sounds are put together to form meaning
Noam Chomsky - universal grammar, children born with internal grammar rules

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22
Q

Linguistic sociolinguistics anthro

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How language expresses status + context
Formal vs casual, body language

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23
Q

Archaeology

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Excavate artifacts to understand and reconstruct past cultures

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24
Q

Ethnology

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Study of origins and cultures of different races and people

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25
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Natural selection

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26
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Creationism

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27
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Australopithecus

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28
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Homo habilis

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29
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Homo erectus

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30
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Homo sapiens

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31
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Primatology

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32
Q

Marvin Harris

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Founded cultural materialism

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33
Q

Jane Goodall

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Primatologist
Studied chimpanzees and learned they made tools
Caused people to question the timeline

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34
Q

Margaret Mead

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Determined that gender roles are socially constructed

35
Q

Raymond Dart

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First evidence of Australopithecus in S. Africa

36
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Mary Leakey

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Almost complete skull (austra) in Tanzania

37
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Donald Johanson

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Discovered Lucy (most complete specimen) in Ethiopia

38
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Louis Leakey

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First homo habilis in Tanzania

39
Q

Dian Fossey

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Primatologist
Studied gorillas

40
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Behaviourism

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Psychologists need empirical evidence to understand behaviour
Observation, experiments, mental disorders

41
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Psychoanalytic theory

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Childhood influences your unconscious mind throughout life
Your actions/behaviour is influenced by childhood experiences

42
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Humanism

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Therapy involving the patient in their recovery
Values qualitative data, open-ended questions

43
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Cognitive psychology

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How the brain learns
Consider beliefs, motivations, ect
Mental disorders

44
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Sensation

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45
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Perception

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Process of how individuals take in information visually and with other senses

46
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Ivan Pavlov

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Behaviourist
Classical conditioning
Study with dogs salivating

47
Q

BF Skinner

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Developed operant conditioning
Experiment with rats, positive reinforcement

48
Q

Albert Bandura

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Bobo doll experiment
Proved that humans learn through observation and imitation

49
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Harlow

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Surrogate mother
Metal one, cloth one, baby monkeys

50
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Memory

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The ability to acquire, retain and recall knowledge and skills

51
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Sensory memory

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Receives information from the environment through the five senses

52
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Short-term memory

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Conscious mind
Holds seven separate unorganized items for 15-20 seconds

53
Q

Long-term memory

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Important/meaningful items are stored in long-term memory
Retain as much as we want for as long as we want, recalling it is the hard part

54
Q

Inductive reasoning

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Assumption
Specific -> general

55
Q

Deductive

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Fact
General -> specific

56
Q

Dialectic reasoning

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Combining opposite views
No clear solution

57
Q

REM

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Rapid Eye Movement

58
Q

Carl Jung

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Developed analytical school of thought
Archetypes, collective memories
Personality, MBTI based off his work

59
Q

Alfred Adler

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Inferiority complex
Personality determined by birth order

60
Q

Karen Horney

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Feminist
Neo-Freudian
Neurotic disorders

61
Q

William Sheldon

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Body composition
Endo - jolly, friendly
Meso - dominant, aggressive
Ecto - shy, low self esteem

62
Q

John Watson

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Behaviour psych, Little Albert experiment

63
Q

Philip Zimbardo

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Stanford prison experiment

64
Q

Jean Piaget

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Cognitive development theory
Some - sensory
People - pre-operational
Can’t - concrete operational
Focus - formal operational

65
Q

Dan Pink

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Intrinsic vs extrinsic motivation
Extrinsic only helps in few circumstances

66
Q

Stanley Milgram

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Shock experiment
Authority influence

67
Q

Hans Selye

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Developed General Adaptation Syndrome - exposed to stress, alarm, resistance, exhaustion
Stress - negative
Eustress - positive/motivating

68
Q

Erik Erikson - stages of development

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69
Q

Mental Health

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70
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Mental illness

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71
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Anxiety disorder

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72
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Phobia

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Anxiety about a specific object, activity or situation

73
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OCD

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Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

74
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Bipolar affective disorder

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75
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Schizophrenia

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76
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Psychosis

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77
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Neurosis

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78
Q

Micro/macro sociology

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Studies individual/smaller groups
Looks at society as a whole

79
Q

Structural Functionalism

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Social institutions exist to meet the needs of the citizens
Tends to overlook social injustices like poverty and racism that are rooted in institutions

80
Q

Conflict theory

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Studies competition for power between different groups
Believes in a constant struggle within the economy (class), different races and genders

81
Q

Symbolic interactionism

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Individuals are the center of understanding society bc values and roles are formed by individual interpretation
Not institutions like function… or conflict

82
Q

Looking Glass self

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You see yourself through how you think others view you

83
Q

Feminist sociology

A

Egalitarian

Triology Exam (1 decks)

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