Psychology 18 Test

Question 0

norms

Answer 0

unwritten rules that govern the behavior of groups of people

Question 1

social psychology

Answer 1

how groups influence individuals’ attitudes and behaviors

Question 2

roles

Answer 2

expectations society creates for how one is supposed to act

Question 3

social loafing

Answer 3

tendency for individuals to put in less effort into group projects

Question 4

deindividuation

Answer 4

loss of self-awareness and self-restraint

Question 5

social facilitation

Answer 5

stronger responses on simple or well-learned tasks

Question 6

group polarization

Answer 6

enhancement of a group’s prevailing inclinations

Question 7

groupthink

Answer 7

desire for harmony overrides a realistic appraisal

Question 8

bystander effect

Answer 8

less likely to help someone when more people are present

Question 9

diffusion of responsibility

Answer 9

when it is not clear who is responsible for an action

Question 10

altruism

Answer 10

unselfish concern of one individual for the welfare of another

Question 11

attribution theory

Answer 11

explain others’ behaviors

Question 12

dispositional factors

Answer 12

personality characteristics that affect a person’s behavior

Question 13

situational factors

Answer 13

environmental stimuli that affect a person’s behavior

Question 14

fundamental attribution error

Answer 14

when judging OTHERS behavior to OVERESTIMATE the role of personal factors (disposition) and UNDERESTIMATE environmental factors (situation)

Question 15

self-fulfilling prophecy

Answer 15

tendency to let our preconceived expectations of others influence how we treat them

Question 16

stereotypes

Answer 16

overgeneralizations or schemas society creates about a group

Question 17

prejudice

Answer 17

unjustified negative attitude for a different ethnic or racial group

Question 18

discrimination

Answer 18

unjustified negative BEHAVIORS towards a group

Question 19

scapegoat theory

Answer 19

when we blame a particular group for societal frustrations

Question 20

ethnocentrism

Answer 20

belief that your culture or social group is superior to others

Question 21

Just-World phenomenon

Answer 21

tendency to believe world is fair and that people get what they deserve

Question 22

superordinate goals

Answer 22

shared goals that override differences

Question 23

conformity

Answer 23

adopt the attitudes or behaviors shared by a group

Question 24

compliance

Answer 24

engaging in a particular behavior at another person's request

Question 25

foot-in-the-door phenomenon

Answer 25

tendency to comply with a large request of previously complied with a small request

Question 26

reciprocity

Answer 26

small gift makes others feel obligation to agree to a later request

Question 27

attitude

Answer 27

how we respond favorably or unfavorably to certain people, objects, or events

Question 28

mere exposure effect

Answer 28

increased liking for a person or stimulus after repeated presentation

Question 29

informational social influence

Answer 29

effect of accepting communication of knowledge or opinions of others

Question 30

normative social influence

Answer 30

effect of accepting behavior or behaving in ways to gain approval or disapproval

Question 31

cognitive dissonance

Answer 31

DISCOMFORT that results when having CLASHING THOUGHTS or when your BEHAVIOR CLASHES WITH YOUR THOUGHTS

Question 32

central route of persuasion

Answer 32

FACTUAL INFORMATION is used to persuade an individual

Question 33

peripheral route of persuasion

Answer 33

ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS are used to persuade an individual

Question 34

Philip zimbardo

Answer 34

Stanford prison experiment assigned roles of "prisoners" and "guards"; shows impact of SOCIAL ROLES AND DEINDIVIDUATION

Question 35

Stanley milgram

Answer 35

teacher applies "shocks" when learner does not answer correctly; 66% inflict highest shock; shows impact of OBEDIENCE TO AUTHORITY

Question 36

Solomon asch

Answer 36

line segment experiment where 33% of time individuals conformed to wrong answer and 75% of individuals conformed at least twice; shows impact of CONFORMITY

Question 37

Robert rosenthal

Answer 37

teachers were told certain expectations about students which came true; shows impact of SELF-FULFILLING PROPHECY

Question 38

components of genocide

Answer 38

victims, extensiveness, organization, purpose

Question 39

ingroup

Answer 39

"us" people who share common identity

Question 40

outgroup

Answer 40

"them" different or apart of one's ingroup

Question 41

ingroup bias

Answer 41

tendency to favor one's own group

Question 42

dehumanization

Answer 42

ability to view victims of violence as somehow less than human

Question 43

double-speak

Answer 43

language deliberately constructed to disguise or distort it's actual meaning

Question 44

social trap

Answer 44

both parties get caught in mutually destructive behavior

Question 45

consistency and commitment

Answer 45

remain consistent in thoughts and behaviors

Question 46

social proof

Answer 46

tendency to follow example of others

Question 47

scarcity

Answer 47

value items more that are less available

Question 48

causes of aggression

Answer 48

genes; neural influences; biochemical influences; alcohol

Question 49

frustration-aggression principle

Answer 49

frustration creates anger; leading to aggression

Question 50

similarity

Answer 50

share common goals, interests, and attitudes

Question 51

passionate love

Answer 51

aroused state of intensive positive absorption in another

Question 52

companionate love

Answer 52

deep affectionate attachment we feel for those whole our lives are intertwined

Question 53

equity

Answer 53

people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it

Question 54

self-disclosure

Answer 54

revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others

Question 55

social exchange theory

Answer 55

our social behavior is an exchange process