Psychology

Question 1

The Brain

Answer 1

Divided into 3 sections which plays their own role in processing information and contributing to everyday function.
- Cerebrum
- Brain Stem
- Cerebellum

Question 2

Cerebrum

Answer 2

• Occupies more than 80% of the brain
• Contains over 10 billion neurons
• Controls conscious thoughts and voluntary movement
• Receives sensory information from the rest of the body
• Divided into 2 hemispheres: the right and left cerebral hemispheres

Question 3

Left Cerebral Hemisphere

Answer 3

Each side can work independently, but both are used for most activities. The left hemisphere controls the ride side of the body and vice versa.

LEFT:
- spoken language
- analytical skills
- number skills
- written language
- logic
- reasoning

Question 4

Right Cerebral Hemisphere

Answer 4

RIGHT:
- subjectivity
- emotions
- face recognition
- music/art
- intuition
- creativity
- imagination

Question 5

The Cerebral Cortex

Answer 5

• Thin outermost layer of the cerebrum
• Responsible for higher-level cognitive functions
• 3mm thick, organised in folds
• 70% of neurons in the CNS
• Divided into 4 lobes

Question 6

Frontal Lobe

Answer 6

• motor function
• behaviour
• memory

Question 7

Temporal Lobe

Answer 7

• speech
• hearing
• vision
• long-term memory

Question 8

Parietal Lobe

Answer 8

• sensory function
• touch
• language and reading
• numbers and shapes

Question 9

Occipital Lobe

Answer 9

Makes sense of visual information.

Question 10

Brain Stem

Answer 10

• Responsible for controlling involuntary movements vital for survival (breathing, blood pressure, heart rate)
• Connects rest of the brain to the spinal cord

Question 11

Cerebellum

Answer 11

• Located at base of cerebrum where the skull curves inward
• Responsible for coordinating voluntary movement and balance
• Regulates muscle tone, coordination, and other muscle movements via info received from sensory systems/brain

Question 13

Neurons

Answer 13

• Send electrical or chemical signals to communicate to each other
• Nerve cells
• Specialised to receive, transmit, and process information

Question 14

Parts of a neuron

Answer 14

Dendrite, nucleus, cell body, axon, myelin sheath, node of ranvier, Schwann cell, axon terminal

Question 15

Dendrite

Answer 15

• Branch out from the cell body and receive messages
• Post-synaptic neuron receptors

Question 16

Axon

Answer 16

Carries impulses in one direction away from the cell body

Question 17

Myelin Sheath

Answer 17

Insulating layer that protects and speeds up the transmission of the electrical signal

Question 18

Schwann Cell

Answer 18

Tissue cells responsible for creating myelin sheath

Question 19

Node of Ranvier

Answer 19

• Gaps in myelin
• Speed up transmission as signals jump