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Psychology 200 > Psychology 200 Exam 1 > Flashcards

Psychology 200 Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Psychology

A

Psychology is the study of the human behavior.

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2
Q

What are the basic paragons of the human self

A

Consciousness, Memory, Language and Reasoning

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3
Q

What is Consciousness?

A

the state of being aware of and responsive to one’s internal and external environment.

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4
Q

What is memory

A

The ability humans have to recall events that have happened in the past

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5
Q

What is Language

A

The act of taking sounds and forming a matter of communications

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6
Q

What is Reasoning

A

the process of taking logic and existing knowledge to draw conclusions on a subject

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7
Q

Who is credited with creating the psychodynamic theory?

A

Sigmund Freud

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8
Q

What is the main concept/ main idea of psychodynamic theory

A

It is the idea that repressed psychological urges in childhood lead to our personality in adulthood

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9
Q

What are the three concepts that make up Psychodynamic Theory

A

ID, EROS, THANATOS

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10
Q

What is ID?

A

One of the three properties of PDT. It is the part of our brain that works mostly on instinct and seeks immediate gratification

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11
Q

What is PDT stand for

A

Psychodynamic Theory

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12
Q

What is Eros

A

One of the three properties of PDT. It is the part of our brain that seeks out sexual endeavors

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13
Q

What is Thanatos?

A

It is the part of our brain that makes us fear death and enjoy life

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14
Q

What is Gestalt Psychology

A

it is a model of psychology that focuses mostly on the study of human behaviors

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15
Q

Who founded Behaviorism

A

BF SKINNER

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16
Q

What is Behaviorism

A

focused on controlling and understanding behvaior

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17
Q

What was the Cognitive Revolution?

A

Led by Noah Chomsky it was the idea in the 1950’s that paved the understanding that focused the studying on the mind

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18
Q

Why is research important

A

Research is wildly important because well researchers can be wrong about certain points of importance.

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19
Q

How is scientific research considered “Empirical”

A

Scientific Research needs to be grounded in reality and use tangible, real evidence to support their claims

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20
Q

What is the scientific method

A

a structured way of finding answers to questions by making observations, forming a hypothesis (an educated guess), testing it through experiments, analyzing the results, and drawing conclusions based on the evidence gathered;

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21
Q

What is Theory

A

a well developed set of ideas that are based to propose an explanation for observed phenomena

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22
Q

What is Hypothesis

A

a tentative or non-certain statement about a theory

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23
Q

What is Empirical Evidence

A

information gathered through observation or experimentation.

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24
Q

What is critical thinking

A

the process of analyzing and evaluating information to make reasoned judgments

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25
What is the difference between critical thinking and Empirical Evidence
Empirical evidence focuses on info given to us through observation while CT focuses more on discovery through testing
26
What is a P-Value
a P-value is used as a measurement tool for Statistical Significance. It is usually given to us as P=.5
27
What is Statistical Significance
It is the idea that we can never truly prove things to be impossible, but you must rather focus on proving everything else as impossible
28
What is an example of Statistical Significance
You cannot prove a book will pass through a table if dropped. But using Statistical Significance we can disprove it by proving that the book won't fall through the table
29
What does P-Value measure
If P=.1 then, there is a 10% likelihood the studied factor would occur with a null hypothesis
30
What is a Null Hypothesis?
The idea that something is true until further analysis and evidence testifies or disproves against it.
31
Why can we never say a hypothesis is true?
We can never prove a hypothesis true, we can only disprove every other hypothesis
32
Why does P-value usually equal .5?
Statistical Significance needs to pass the threshold a P-Value sets. If the results of a hypothesis pass the threshold of what the P-value is set to then we can see that the hypothesis does have Statistical Significance
33
What is Causality
It is the relation of two events, one such event is the consequence of a use of cause and effect
34
What are Confounds within Causality
they are unmeasured variables which might be the explanation for said effects
35
What is Research Psychology founded upon the principle of
Generalizability- The findings of a single study and how they can be applied to a larger population
36
What are the three types of development?
Physical, Cognitive and Socioemotional
37
Define Physical Development
Actual growth within the body. Puberty and shit
38
Define Cognitive Development
Changes in learning, attention, language, reasoning and creativity
39
Define Socioemotional development
the changes a person feels with regards to how they feel about social relationships with the world
40
What is the Cognitive Theory of Development
The focus stays on Cognition and the way people interpret the earth.
41
What is Schemata
Mental models that are used to help us categorize and interpret information
42
What is Assimilation defined as when referred to cognition?
when new information is taken in that fits existing models
43
What is Accommodation defined as when referred to cognition
when new information is taken in that requires schemata to change
44
What did Jean Piaget focus on?
Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development
45
What are the four stages of Piaget's stages of cognitive development?
Sensorimotor stage, Preopertational Stage, Concrete Operational Stage, Formal operational stage
46
What happens in the sensorimotor stage
Starts at age 2, and it has the baby understand their world mostly through senses. They don't have object permanence but can still understand the danger of strangers
47
What occurs in the Pre-Operational Stage
Ages 2-7. There is a lack of distinction between the child and other people. They do not understand that other people have their own thoughts and lives
48
What is Concrete Operational Stage
Ages 7-11. Personal cognition is almost to 100%, logical thinking begins to start. Logical thinking shines through conversational topics mostly in this stage
49
What is Formal Operational Stage
Ages 11- til death. Full utilization of Logical Cognitive thinking.
50
What is the weird fifth stage that no one ever really talks about?
The Post-formal stage. Decisions are made based off of circumstance and logic. Yeah this one isn't really a stage more so just a moment in time
51
What are the six fucking stages of Kohlberg's theory of moral development
From top to bottom. (cuz its a pyramid) Universal Principle, Social Contract and society, Law and Order, Praise, Self-interests, Avoiding punishment
52
What is Kohlberg's universal principle
The moral decision making that helps guide human motivations for the sake of justice and what is right
53
What is Kohlberg's Social Contract
Behavior driven by what is considered good and normal by societal standards
54
What is Kohlbergs law and order morality
Behavior driven by what we can do given what is available by local law enforcement
55
What is Kohlberg's Praise attitude
The idea that behavior and personality is driven by the human need to be praised
56
What is Kohlberg's Self-interest
the idea that behavior is driven by the personal needs and wants of what will keep individuals to lead their best lives
57
What is Kohlberg's Avoiding punishment
the ground floor of the pyramid entails that behavior occurs under the fear of getting into trouble
58
What is Alfred Adler's theory of inferiority
He believed that adult feelings of inferiority stem from how/when we were ignored as children. Also theorized that changes in personality can stem from birth order of siblings
59
Why did Carl Jung split from Freud?
They had disagreements about the idea that sexualization drives the motivation of humans
60
What is the collective unconscious
Proposed by Carl Jung it is an idea that all of humanity unconsciously holds all similar mental patterns across the world (also known as Mementos)
61
Karen Horney and learning to cope
Wanted to focus on the objectively sexist precedents set by other psychologists about women
62
How was Feminism defined before Karen Horney showed up
Penis envy- Freud thought that the only reason why feminism existed because girls were jealous that man had dicks and girls didn't. Because of this they had to accept they were "castrated" and live a life of subservience and hatred of their mothers (No i am not making this up)
63
What is Basic Temperament?
Innate traits that influence how one thinks, behaves and reacts with their environment.
64
What is our Locus Of Control
our beliefs about the power we have over our lives.
65
What is Self-Efficacy
The confidence we have over our own abilities
66
What are the five personality traits of the OCEAN model
Openness, conscientiousness, Extroversion, agreeableness, Neuroticism
67
What is an Intrapersonal Topic?
Issues found within the person. Emotions and attitudes , the self and social cognition
68
What is an Interpersonal Topic?
issues found between people and society with discrimination and group processes
69
What is Situationism
the view that our behavior and actions are determined by our immediate environment and surroundings
70
What is Dispositionism
the view that our behavior is determined by internal factors
71
What is FAE Bias
The immediate anger you feel with regards to total strangers doing something inadvertently bad to you
72
What is the Just World Hypothesis
the belief that the world is a fair place and therefore good people experience positive outcomes, and bad people experience negative outcomes.
73
What is Confirmation Bias?
Once we made up our mind about someone or something, we tend to stick to it (despite the mounting evidence of the contrary)
74
What is Implicit Bias
Prejudices and Stereotypes against groups of demographics
75
What is Conformity?
the change in a person’s behavior to go along with the group, even if they do not agree with the group
76
Who created the Stanford Prison experiment
Philip Zimpano
77
What was the Stanford Prison Experiment
A group of college men were divided into prisoners and guards. The prisoners were locked in a fake cell and quickly became subservient while the guards became overtly hostile
78
What is a Social Norm?
a specific expectation of what is appropriate and acceptable behavior
79
What is a Social Role?
a pattern of behavior that is expected of a person in a given setting or group
80
What about a social script?
a person’s knowledge about the sequence of events expected in a specific setting.
81
What do you need to know about Schemas?
Schemas are a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts
82
What is the Asch study?
An experiment that studies conformity about the perception of the length of lines. Where four people were plants and they all gave the wrong answer and that pressured the one real guy into giving the wrong answer
83
How does population affect majority?
the greater the majority, the more likely an individual will conform
84
How does conformity and obedience differ
Obedience is the change of an individual’s behavior to comply with a demand by an authority figure While conformity is the change to go along with group decisions and not be left out
85

Psychology 200 (2 decks)

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