Psychology 2022 Paper Flashcards
0.1Members of a religious group give up their Saturday mornings to distribute leaflets
about the importance of worship
Commitment
0.1An environmental group acknowledges that recycling can be time-consuming while
emphasising its importance for the future of the planet.
Flexibility
0.1All of the members of the ‘Flat Earth Society’ agree that the Earth is flat and not round.
Consistency
0.2 Name one explanation of resistance to social influence
Locus of control
0.3 A teacher was absent and left work for students to complete during the lesson. Some
students in the class did not do the work their teacher had left for them.
Use one possible explanation of resistance to social influence to explain why this
happened.
disobedience/resistance/defiance is more likely to occur in the presence of others who are
disobeying/disobedient role models
* ‘some students’ suggests there was more than one who did not complete the work
* this would have given others more confidence to ignore the teacher’s instructions
* social support is associated with diffusion of responsibility/the more people who disobey the less
severe the consequences are likely to be – the students may have reasoned that the more of them
who disobey, the less likely they are to be in trouble
* credit use of evidence to support explanation/application, eg Milgram – two confederates-one naive
participant variation.
0.5 Briefly outline one way in which researchers have investigated the capacity of
short-term memory.
[2 marks]
Miller - digit span technique in which parps has to recall a sequence of numbers [2849] and repeat them in oder, the amount of numbers increased each time till incorrrect
0.6 Briefly outline one way in which researchers have investigated the duration of
short-term memory.
[2 marks]
Peterson and Peterson - Nonsense trigrams [zaw] and recalling original trigram after counting down in 3’s for varying intervals
0.7 A student showed participants a film of a car accident. After watching the film, each
participant was asked to write down what they had seen. The student was surprised to
see that the descriptions of the accident were quite different.
The student’s psychology teacher suggested that the participants’ recall might be
improved by using cognitive interview techniques.
Suggest two cognitive interview techniques that could be used to improve participants’
recall of the film.
Recall everything - recall everysingle detail even if it might seem insignificant like the colour of the car, as it may lead to other more important details
Changes the order- Start from the after the car crashed,this will help reduce schemeas
0.9 Which two of the following attachment concepts were not introduced by Bowlby?
Shade two boxes only.
[2 marks]
A Affectionless psychopathy
B Critical period
C Interactional synchrony
D Internal working model
E Multiple attachment stage
C + E
1.0 Outline one example of cultural variation in attachment.
higher rates of anxious/insecure-resistant attachments in collectivist cultures compared to individualistic cultures , eg Japan (Van
Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg, 1988)
GB= 3%
Japan = 27%
1.1 Explain how, according to attachment research, Lenny’s early experience might have
influenced his later relationships.
[4 marks]
Bowlby internal working model suggest that due to lenny’s lack of early attachment it hasn’t provided him with an adequete blueprint for later relationships, him being scared of commitment suggests an insecure attachment - according to hazan and shaver’s love quiz those who has a cold or rejecting mother ‘his mother left when he was young’ shows that is in adult relationships they would have a fear of intmacy and emotional highs and lows ‘I fall in love costanlty’
1.3 Describe the statistical infrequency and failure to function adequately definitions of
abnormality.
[6 marks]
Statistical infrequency
behaviour/characteristics that are uncommon e.g OCD only affects less that 3% of pop.
ocuppies extreme ends of a normal disribution curve - low IQ = intelectual disability disorder
Failure to function adequetly
Inability to cope with eveyday living such as not being able to hold down a job or maintain a relationship
People with OCD have ritulastic behaviour = more time consuming + interputs daily routines and could take more than 1 hr
1.4 Outline one limitation of systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias.
[3 marks]
One limitation of systematic desensitisation as a treatment for phobias is that it doesn’t treat evalutionary phobias like phobia of heights as they have an evaloutinary benifit and aren’t a result of personal experince, but survival benifit = limitation not effective for treating evalutionary phobias
1.5 A biological psychologist wanted to see if there was a positive correlation between heart
rate (measured in beats per minute) and levels of a stress hormone (measured in
micrograms) in people with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). She wrote a directional
hypothesis and collected data from 20 people with OCD.
The psychologist chose to use the Pearson’s r test to analyse the data because she was
testing for a correlation.
Explain one other reason why the psychologist used a Pearson’s r test in this stud
elaboration through explaining parametric/interval/ratio data (measured using fixed intervals and
an objective/agreed scale - beats per minute
1.6 The calculated value of r for the Pearson’s test was +0.42.
Which one of the following scattergrams best represents a correlation coefficient of
+0.42?
Shade one box only
C
