Psychology 24-26 Flashcards
(26 cards)
Retrieval
the process of getting information out of memory storage
Encoding
the processing of information into the memory system
Sensory Memory
the immediate, very brief recording of sensory
information in the memory system
Short-Term Memory
activated memory that holds a few items briefly
before the information is stored or forgotten
Long-Term memory
the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of
the memory system; includes knowledge, skills, and experiences
Working Memory
a newer understanding of short-term memory that
involves conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and
visual-spatial information, and of information retrieved from
long-term memory
Effortful Processing
encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Rehearsal
the conscious repetition of information, either to maintain
it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Chunking
organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often
occurs automatically
Spacing Effect
the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield
better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or
practice
Acoustic Encoding
the encoding of sound, especially the sound of words
Flashbulb memory
a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Imagery
mental pictures; a powerful aid to effortful processing,
especially when combined with semantic encoding
Visual Encoding
the encoding of picture images
Storage
the retention of encoded information over time
Iconic Memory
A momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a photographic or picture image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Echoic Memory
A momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; if attention is elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 to 4 seconds
Amnesia
The loss of memory
Implicit memory
Retention independent of conscious recollection
Explicit memory
Memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and declare
Hippocampus
A neutral center that is located in the limbic system and helps process explicit memories for storage
Mnemonics
Memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Semantic Encoding
the encoding of meaning, including the meaning of words
Serial Position Effect
our tendency to recall best the last and first
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