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S1 | Grade 11 Finals (Jan. 24 - 29, 2024) > Psychology 30 - AP > Flashcards

Psychology 30 - AP Flashcards

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1
Q

Scientific Foundations of Pyschology : Early Approaches

What are the early approaches?

(2)

A

Structuralism & Functionalism

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2
Q

Scientific Foundations of Pyschology : Early Approaches

What are the Introspection and which fuction is it connected to?

(2)

A

Act of examining mental processes (such as state).

Structuralism

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3
Q

Scientific Foundations of Pyschology : Early Approches

What are Functionalism?

A

The need to analyize the purpose of behaviour.

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4
Q

Scientific Foundations of Pyschology : Approches

What are the primary approaches and their key words?

(16)

A
  1. Psychodynamic - Unconscious & Childhood
  2. Behavioural - Learned, Reinforced
  3. Humanistic - Free Will, Choice, Ideal, Actualoization
  4. Cognitive - Perceptions, Thoughts
  5. Evolutionary - Genes
  6. Biological - Brain, NTs
  7. Sociocultural - Society
  8. Biopsychosocial - Combo of all
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5
Q

Scientific Foundations of Pyschology : Random Terms

What is Basic Research?

A

Purpose to increase knowledge.

(i.e Rats)

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6
Q

Scientific Foundations of Pyschology : Random Terms

What is Basic Research?

A

Purpose to increase knowledge.

(i.e Rats)

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7
Q

Scientific Foundations of Pyschology : Random Terms

What is Applied Research?

A

Purpose to help people.

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8
Q

Scientific Foundations of Pyschology : Random Terms

What is a Psychologist?

A

Research or counselling on the topic of Psychology.

MS or PhD

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9
Q

Scientific Foundations of Pyschology : Random Terms

What is a Psychiatrist?

A

Able to prescribe medication.

M.D.

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10
Q

Scientific Foundations of Pyschology : Key People

Who is Mary Calkins?

A

First female president of the APA.

APA is the a American Psychological Association.

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11
Q

Scientific Foundations of Pyschology : Key People

Who is Margaet Flot Washburn?

A

First female to obtain a PHD regarding psychology.

Not to be confused with Mary Calkins.

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12
Q

Scientific Foundations of Pyschology : Key People

Who is Charles Darwin?

A

Creator of natural selection theory and evolutionist.

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13
Q

Scientific Foundations of Pyschology : Key People

Who is Dorothea Dix?

A

An advocate for mentally ill people, and their treatment.

Did not do lobotomies.

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14
Q

Scientific Foundations of Pyschology : Key People

Who is Stanely Hall?

A

1st president of the APA and creator of the 1st journal entry.

APA is the a American Psychological Association.

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15
Q

Scientific Foundations of Pyschology : Key People

Who is William James?

A

Father of American Psychology and functionalist.

One of the two fathers.

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16
Q

Scientific Foundations of Pyschology : Key People

Who is Wilhelm Wundt?

A

Father of Psychology and structuralist.

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17
Q

Scientific Foundations of Pyschology : Research Design

Experamental Design :

(24)

A
  1. IV - Purposely Altered
  2. EG - Recieved Treatment (IV)
  3. CG - Placebo’ed (IV)
  4. Placebo Effect - Fake Effect
  5. DV - Measured Variable
  6. Double Blind - No Particpant or Experiment Admin know which was assigned.
  7. Single Blind - No Particpant or Experiment Admin know which group was assigned.
  8. Operational Definition - Clear representative which is replicable.
  9. Cofound - Error in study
  10. Random Asignment - Assigns Assignment Ramdomly
  11. Random Sample - Ramdomly assigns to Participate
  12. Representative Sample - Mimics the general populous
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18
Q

Scientific Foundations of Pyschology : Research Design - Correlation

What is the popular saying regarding correlation?

A

Correlation does not equal causation.

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19
Q

Scientific Foundations of Pyschology : Research Design - Correlation

Positive Correlation

A

Variables increase & decrease together.

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20
Q

Scientific Foundations of Pyschology : Research Design - Correlation

Negative Correlation

A

As one of the variables increases the other one decreases.

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21
Q

Scientific Foundations of Pyschology : Research Design - Correlation

The stronger the ——– the ——– regardless of the ——–/——– sign.

Fill in the Blank

A
  1. Number
  2. Relationship
  3. Positve
  4. Negative
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22
Q

Scientific Foundations of Pyschology : Research Design

What is the 3 variable problem?

A

A different variable is responsible for a link.

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23
Q

Scientific Foundations of Pyschology : Research Design

What is the Naturalization Observation?

A

Observing people in the real world.

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24
Q

Scientific Foundations of Pyschology : Research Design

What is a Case Study?

A

Studies one person (usually) in great detail.

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25
# Scientific Foundations of Pyschology : Research Design What is Mean, Median, and Mode? | Measure of Central Tendency
1. Mean - Average 2. Median - Middle Number 3. Occurs the Most
26
# Scientific Foundations of Pyschology : Research Design What is the difference between inteferfial statistics and statistic significance?
1. Results skewed by manipulation 2. Establish significance
27
# Scientific Foundations of Pyschology : Research Design What are the ethical guidelines (via the APA)?
1. Confidentiality 2. Debriefing 3. Anti-Deception 4. No Harm
28
# Biological Aspects of Psychology : Neural Functions Identify parts of a neuron. | (8)
Dendrites, Axon, Soma, Necleus, Synaptic Gap, Myelin Sheeth, Vesicles, and Axon Terminals.
29
# Biological Aspects of Psychology : Neural Functions Action Potential is...?
Movement of NA ions through K ions.
30
# Biological Aspects of Psychology : Neural Functions What is the All or None Law?
Everything must go.
31
# Biological Aspects of Psychology : Neural Functions What is the Refractory Period?
The period where a neuron is unable to function due to use.
32
# Biological Aspects of Psychology : Neural Functions What is S.A.M.E?
1. Sensory Neurons - Recieves signals 2. Afferent Neurons - Accepts singals 3. Motor Neurons - Sends signals 4. Efferent Neurons Exits signals
33
# Biological Aspects of Psychology : Neural Functions What are interneurons?
Cells in the spinal cord responsible for the reflex loop.
34
# Biological Aspects of Psychology : Neural Functions What is Central NS?
Brain and spinal cord
35
# Biological Aspects of Psychology : Neural Functions What is Peripheral NS?
Rest of the NS.
36
# Biological Aspects of Psychology : Neural Functions What is Sympathic NS?
Flight or flight response
37
# Biological Aspects of Psychology : Neural Functions What is Parasympathetic NS?
Homeostasis.
38
# Biological Aspects of Psychology : Neural Functions What are the Neurotransmitters? | (18)
1. GABA - Major Inhibitor IT 2. Glutamate - Major Excitatory 3. Dopamine - Pleasure and Reward 4. Serotonin - Mood and Enviroment 5. ACh - Memory 6. Enpinehrine - Sympathetic 7. Norepinephrine - Arousal 8. Endorphins - Pain Control 9. Oxytocin - Love and Bonding
39
# Biological Aspects of Psychology : Neural Functions What is an Agonist and an Antagonist?
1. Mimics a NT 2. Blocks a NT
40
# Biological Aspects of Psychology : Neural Functions What is Reuptake?
Unused NTs are taken back into the sending neuron.
41
# Biological Aspects of Psychology : Areas of the Brain What is the Hindbrain?
Oldest part of the brain.
42
# Biological Aspects of Psychology : Areas of the Brain What are the oldest part of the brain? | (6)
1. Medulla - Vital Orgains (HR, BP) 2. Cerebellum - Movement and Balance 3. Pons- Bridge between reigons
43
# Biological Aspects of Psychology : Areas of the Brain What is the Midbrain?
1. Rectiular Formation - Alertness 2. Forebrain - Higher Thought Processes 3. Limbic System
44
# Biological Aspects of Psychology : Areas of the Brain What are the parts of the brain? | (28)
1. Amyglada - Emotions 2. Hippocampus - Memory 3. Hypothalmus - Reward/pleasure and eatting behaviours 4. Thalamus - Smell center 5. Cerbral Cortex - Higher order thought processes 6. Occipital Lobe - Vision 7. Frontal Lobe - Decision making 8. Parietal Lobe - Sensations 9. Temporal Lobe - Hearing and face recongnization 10. Somatosensory Cortex - Map of sensory sensory receptors 11. Motor Cortex - Map of our motor receptors 12. Corpus Callosum - Bundle of nerves that connects the two hemispheres 13. Bronca's Area (LH) - Speach 14. Werkickle's Area (LH) - Speach comprehension
45
# Biological Aspects of Psychology : Areas of the Brain What are split brain experiments?
Experiments which studied the brains individually or against eachother.
46
# Biological Aspects of Psychology : Areas of the Brain What is Brain Plasticity?
Healing effect of the brain.
47
# Biological Aspects of Psychology : Areas of the Brain Nature vs Nurture?
Both
48
# Biological Aspects of Psychology : Areas of the Brain What are twins?
1. Identical Twins - Monozygotic 2. Fraternal Twins - Dizygotics
49
# Biological Aspects of Psychology : Areas of the Brain What is the Endocrine System? | (4)
1. Pituitary Gland - Growth Hormones 2. Adrenal Glands - Sympathic NS : Adrenaline
50
# Biological Aspects of Psychology : Areas of the Brain Brain Imaging : | (10)
1. EEG - Brain Activity 2. XRay 3. CT/MRI - Shows structures 4. PET - Uses glucose to show brain activity 5. fMRI - Activity in real time by oxygen
51
# Biological Aspects of Psychology : Areas of the Brain What is a lesion?
Distruction of brain tissue.
52
# Biological Aspects of Psychology : Areas of the Brain What are the states of consciousness? | (10)
1. Higher-Level - Controlled Processes 2. Lower-Level - Automatic Processes 3. Altered - Chaged state of consciou due to external factors 4. Subconscious - Sleeping or dreams 5. No awareness - Knocked out
53
# Biological Aspects of Psychology : Areas of the Brain What are the Sleep Waves? | (6)
1. Beta Waves - Awake 2. Alpha Waves - High Amp, Drowsy 3. Delta Waves - Deep Sleep
54
# Biological Aspects of Psychology : Areas of the Brain What are the NREMs? | (5)
1. Stage 1 - Light Sleep 2. Stage 2 - Bursts of Sleep 3. Delta Waves
55
# Biological Aspects of Psychology : Areas of the Brain What does REM stand for?
Rapid Eye Movement
56
# Biological Aspects of Psychology : Areas of the Brain What is circadian rythm?
Our internal body clock.
57
# Biological Aspects of Psychology : Areas of the Brain What is Insomina?
Inability to fall asleep.
58
# Biological Aspects of Psychology : Areas of the Brain How does Sleep Walking/Talking happen?
Due to Drugs, Fatigue, and Alcohol | Not an REM.
59
# Biological Aspects of Psychology : Areas of the Brain What is night terrors?
Extreme Nightmares | Not an REM.
60
# Biological Aspects of Psychology : Areas of the Brain What is narcolepsy?
Sleeping out of nowhere. | Deficient in orexin.
61
# Biological Aspects of Psychology : Areas of the Brain What does Frued think about dreams?
It fufills our unconscious desires.
62
# Biological Aspects of Psychology : Areas of the Brain What does Frued think about ------ and ------ content?
1. Latent Content - Hidden Meaning 2. Manifest Content - Obvious Meaning
63
# Biological Aspects of Psychology : Areas of the Brain What are example of Depressants?
Acholol, Barbiturates, Tranquilizer, Opiates | (Decrease)
64
# Biological Aspects of Psychology : Areas of the Brain What are examples of Stimulatants?
Amphetamines, Cocaine, Ectasy, Caffeine, Nicotine | (Increase)
65
# Biological Aspects of Psychology : Areas of the Brain What are examples of Hallucinogens?
LSD, Marijuana
66
# Biological Aspects of Psychology : Areas of the Brain What is Tolerance?
Needing more of drug to achieve the same effects.
67
# Biological Aspects of Psychology : Areas of the Brain What is dependence?
Must use to avoid withdrawl.
68
# Sensations and Preceptions - The Eye What is the absolute threshold?
Detection signal 50% of the time.
69
# Sensations and Preceptions - The Eye What is the difference threshold?
Two stimuli must differ by a constant minimum difference. | Follows Weber's Law.
70
# Sensations and Preceptions - The Eye What is signal detection theory?
Depends on experince, alertness, expectation, etc. | Detection which...
71
# Sensations and Preceptions - The Eye What is sensory adaption?
Dimished sensitivity due to regular use.
72
# Sensations and Preceptions - The Eye What is perceptual set?
Tendency to group things together.
73
# Sensations and Preceptions - The Eye What is inattentional blindness?
Failure to notice something due to being focused on something else.
74
# Sensations and Preceptions - The Eye Visual System : | (12)
1. Cornea - Protects the Eye 2. Pupil/Iris - Controls the light 3. Lens - Focuses the light 4. Retina - Contains the Rods and Cons 5. Rods - Black/White and dim light 6. Cones - Colour and bright light
75
# Sensations and Preceptions - The Eye What is the cocktail party effect?
To notice your name within a crowd.
76
# Sensations and Preceptions - The Eye What are the cells within the eye?
1. Bipolar Cells - Connects Rods/Cones into Ganglion Cells 2. Ganglion Cells - Opponent-Processing
77
# Sensations and Preceptions - The Eye What are feature detectors?
Specialized cells that see motion.
78
# Sensations and Preceptions - The Eye What is trichromatic?
Three colours : Red, blue, green
79
# Sensations and Preceptions - The Eye What is Opponent Process?
Complementary colours which are processed with in ganglion cells.
80
# Sensations and Preceptions - The Eye What is visual capture?
Visual system overwhelms all other system.
81
# Sensations and Preceptions - The Eye What are consistencies?
Recongonize that opbjects do not change based on sensory input.
82
# Sensations and Preceptions - The Eye What is the Phi Phenomenon?
Lights blinking on/off in succession can mimic movement.
83
# Sensations and Preceptions - The Eye What is stroboscpic movement?
Animation
84
# Sensations and Preceptions - The Eye Monocular Cues :
1. Interposition - Overlapping image 2. Relative Size - A smaller object is further away 3. Relative Clarity - Hazy ibjects appear further away 4. Texture Gradient - Coarser objects look closer 5. Relative Height - Things higher in our vision look farther away. 6. Linear Perspective - Imaginary lines 7. Motion Parallax - Objects appear faster that are farther
85
# Sensations and Preceptions - The Eye What is rentinal disparity?
Depth
86
# Sensations and Preceptions - The Eye What is convergence>
Eyestrain while the object draws nearer.
87
# Sensations and Preceptions - The Eye What is top-down processing?
Whole ; Literal
88
# Sensations and Preceptions - The Eye What is bottom-up processing?
Smaller Parts ; Internal
89
# Sensations and Preceptions - The Ear

S1 | Grade 11 Finals (Jan. 24 - 29, 2024) (2 decks)

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