Psychology 305 Chapter 2

Question 1

Phenotypes

Answer 1

Directly observable characteristics

Question 2

Genotype

Answer 2

The complex blend of genetic information that determines our species and influences all our unique characteristics

Question 3

Chromosomes

Answer 3

Rodlike structures which store and transmit genetic information

Question 4

DNA

Answer 4

Deoxyribonucleic acid-Chromosomes are made up of DNA

Question 5

Gene

Answer 5

A segment of DNA along the length of the chromosome.

Question 6

Mitosis

Answer 6

A Unique process of DNA where It can duplicate itself

Question 7

Gametes/Sex Cells

Answer 7

Sperm and Ovum

Question 8

Meiosis

Answer 8

Gametes are formed through this cell devision process which halves the number of chromosomes normally present in body cells.

Question 9

Zygote

Answer 9

Is when sperm and Ovum unite at conception

Question 10

Autosomes

Answer 10

Are the 22 pairs of chromosomes not including sex chromosome

Question 11

Sex Chromosome

Answer 11

Is the 23 pair of chromosomes Females XX males XY

Question 12

Fraternal, dizygotic, twins

Answer 12

Twins are created by the release and fertilization of two ova.

Question 13

Identical Twins

Answer 13

Have the same genetic make up

Question 14

Allele

Answer 14

Is each form of the gene. Example X or Y

Question 15

Homozygous

Answer 15

Is when the Alleles from both parents are alike, will display the inherent trait.

Question 16

Heterozygous

Answer 16

Is when the Alleles differ. This determines phenotype

Question 17

Heterozygous and Homozygous

Answer 17

Determine Phenotype

Question 18

Carriers

Answer 18

Heterozygous individuals with just one recessive Allele (Dd) can pass that trait on to their children

Question 19

Incomplete dominance

Answer 19

A pattern of inheritance in which both alleles are expressed in the phenotype, resulting in a combined trait, or one that is intermediate between the two

Question 20

X-linked inheritance

Answer 20

Is when a more harmful allele is carried on the X chromosome. Males are more likely to be affected because their sex chromosome did not match.

Question 21

Genomic Imprinting

Answer 21

Alleles are imprinted or chemically marked so that one pair member(either father or mother) is activated, regardless of its make up

Question 22

Mutation

Answer 22

A sudden but permanent change in the segment of DNA

Question 23

Polygenic Inheritance

Answer 23

In which many genes influence the characteristic

Question 24

Genetic counseling

Answer 24

Is a communication process designed to help couples assess their chances of giving birth to a baby with a hereditary disorder and choose the best course of action in view of risks and family goals.

Question 25

Prenatal diagnostic methods

Answer 25

Medical procedures that permit detection of development problems before birth

Question 26

Co-parenting

Answer 26

Mutually supporting each others parenting behaviors

Question 27

Socioeconomic status

Answer 27

Researches asses a families standing on this continuum. Combines three related but not completely overlapping variables 1. years of education and 2 the prestige of ones job and the skill it requires, both of which measure social status and 3. Income which measures economic status.

Question 28

Subcultures

Answer 28

Groups of people with beliefs and customs that differ from those of the larger culture

Question 29

Extended family households

Answer 29

Where three or more generations live together

Question 30

Collectivist societies

Answer 30

Is where people define themselves as part of a group and stress group goals over individual goals.

Question 31

Individualistic societies

Answer 31

Where people think of themselves as separate entities and are largely concerned with their own personal needs.

Question 32

Public Policies

Answer 32

Laws and government programs designed to improve current conditions

Question 33

Behavioral genetics

Answer 33

Is a field devoted to uncovering the contributions of nature and nurture to this diversity in human traits and abilities

Question 34

Heritability Estimates

Answer 34

Measure the extent to which individual difference in complex traits in a specific population are due to genetic factors

Question 35

Kinship studies

Answer 35

Copare the characteristics of family members

Question 36

Gene-Enviroment interaction

Answer 36

People have unique genetically influenced reactions to particular experiences.

Question 37

Gene-Environment correlation

Answer 37

Our genes influence the environment to which we are exposed

Question 38

Canalization

Answer 38

The tendency of heredity to restrict the development of some characteristic to just one or a few outcomes

Question 39

Niche-Picking

Answer 39

Is the Tendency to actively choose environments that complement our heredity

Question 40

Epigenis

Answer 40

Means the development resulting from ongoing, bidirectional exchanges between heredity and all levels of the environment