Psychology

Question 0

Psychodynamic Theory (Sigmund Freud)

Answer 0

Based on the belief that unlocking the unconscious mind is the key to understanding human behavior and relationships

Question 1

Psychology

Answer 1

The scientific study of behavior and mental processes of humans or animals

Question 2

Behaviourism (BF Skinner and Ivan Pavlov)

Answer 2

Based on the belief that psychologists need evidence obtained through experimentation to understand and change human behaviour

Question 3

Humanistic Theory

Answer 3

Believes the patient should be involved in his or her own recovery,rather than just relying on the therapist’s interpretation of the issues

Question 4

Cognitive Theory

Answer 4

Centers around the study and application of how the brain worms and includes mental states of mind such as beliefs, motivations and desires

Question 5

Nature

Answer 5

• Your genetic makeup (DNA) has already decided what kind of person you are
• You are born with traits you cannot alter

Question 6

Nurture

Answer 6

• Implies that the environment around you is responsible for who you are
• People you associate with, organizations you belong to, institutions within society

Question 7

What do psychologists do?

Answer 7

Psychologists try to describe, explain, predict and control behavior and mental processes

Question 8

Conditioning

Answer 8

A type of learning in which an animal or person responds to stimulus in a way that normally does not bring about response (Dr Pavlov)

Question 9

Sigmund Freud’s Theory of Personality

Answer 9

• Believes in the importance of nurture

- Psychosocial theory

Question 10

What are the functions of the Id, Ego and Superego?

Answer 10

Id - wants immediate satisfaction, first instincts
Ego - balances the Id and Superego
Superego - similar to conscience, tries to stop things it knows are wrong

Question 11

Conscious

Answer 11

• What you are aware of right now in your awake, alert state
• What you see, hear, smell, taste feel etc.

Question 12

Preconscious

Answer 12

Memories you aren’t aware of at the moment but can easily recall (ie. your last vacation)

Question 13

Unconscious

Answer 13

• Millions of pieces of information you are not aware of

- Freud says we can access this part of the mind through dreams and hypnosis

Question 14

Karen Horney (Neurosis)

Answer 14

A relatively mild mental illness that is not caused by organic disease, involving symptoms of stress depression, OCD, anxiety, hypochondria but not a radical loss of touch with reality

Question 15

BF Skinner (Operant Conditioning)

Answer 15

• The organism is in its natural state until it encounters a reinforcing stimulus or event
• followed by consequence, modifies organism’s tendency to repeat the behavior in the future

Question 16

Multiple Intelligences (Howard Gardiner)

Answer 16

Mental ability of humans is not fixed but possessed with a blend of cognitive competencies produce a unique intellectual profile

Question 17

The 10,000 Hours Rule (Malcolm Gladwell)

Answer 17

It takes roughly 10,000 hours of practice to achieve mastery in a field

Question 18

What is the role of the pre frontal cortex in the brain development of adolescents?

Answer 18

• Latest to mature
• Very busy
• Thinking, considering past and future choices
• Integrates basic instincts with emotions and impulses
• Consequences

Question 19

Socialization

Answer 19

Process by which we learn behaviour skills, values and beliefs

Question 20

Isolate

Answer 20

A child who has been kept away from others and has received the minimum of human care in the home

Question 21

Feral

Answer 21

• A child who has spent significant time lost or abandoned with little to no human contact
• Primary socialization is with animals

Question 22

Bipolar Disorder

Answer 22

A treatable medical illness marked by extreme changes in mood, thought energy and behaviour
Symptoms include extreme irritability, over reaction to stimuli, racing thoughts, poor judgment and decreased need for sleep
Treatments include psychotherapy, medication and ECT

Question 23

Schizophrenia

Answer 23

Means “split mind”: refers to fragments of thought that affects perception as well as social and emotional processes
Symptoms include hyperactivity, delusions, mental confusion and hallucinations
Treatments include cognitive behavioral therapy and antipsychotic drugs

Question 24

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

Answer 24

The coexistence in one person of two or more largely complete and usually very different personalities that recurrently take control of the individuals behaviours Symptoms include chronic and recurrent 6 to 7 years before diagnosis, transitions between identities triggered by stress, displaying traits foreign to the original personality

Question 25

Stigma

Answer 25

A sign of -associated with- disgrace or shame

Question 26

Phobia

Answer 26

A form of anxiety that involves an intense irrational fear of certain objects or situations Symptoms: anxiety, trouble breathing, tense muscles, dizziness, sweating Treatment: cognitive behavioral therapy

Question 27

Stress

Answer 27

A subjective feeling of mental strain or pressure

Question 28

Hallucination

Answer 28

A person sees, feels or hears something that is not there

Question 29

Delusion

Answer 29

A false belief

Question 30

Hoarding

Answer 30

The acquisition of, and inability to discard with worthless items even though they appeared to have no value Symptoms: have strong urge to save items, struggle with decision to throw away items, procrastinate or avoid tasks, indecisive, perfectionist and disorganized Treatment: antidepressants, cognitive therapy, undergo motivational interviewing

Question 31

Defense Mechanism

Answer 31

Something we do to protect ourselves from pain, stress or frustration

Question 32

Denial

Answer 32

Refusal to ignore what has, is or will happen

Question 33

Fantasy

Answer 33

Creating an inner world when the real world becomes too painful, difficult or stressful

Question 34

Regression

Answer 34

Playing the role of someone younger than yourself

Question 35

Displacement

Answer 35

Redirecting unpleasantness toward some other, safer substitute target

Question 36

Sublimation

Answer 36

The healthy redirection of an emotion into something socially acceptable

Question 37

Projection

Answer 37

Attributing uncomfortable feelings onto others

Question 38

Rationalization

Answer 38

A way to diminish pain or disappointment when you can't get what you want (sour grapes defense)

Question 39

Intellectualization

Answer 39

Removing the emotion from emotional experiences

Question 40

Repression

Answer 40

Putting painful thoughts and memories out of our minds and forgetting them

Question 41

Withdrawal

Answer 41

Removing yourself from events, people, places etc. that could remind you of painful thoughts or feelings

Question 42

Reaction

Answer 42

Taking a reaction we have that is too painful or threatening to feel (such as intense hate for someone with power over us) we turn it into the opposite

Question 43

Aggression

Answer 43

Showing aggression towards objects or people who cause you pain

Question 44

Scapegoating

Answer 44

Blaming someone else for your problems

Question 45

Identification

Answer 45

You identify yourself strongly with a famous person or institution

Question 46

Compensation

Answer 46

Over development of a certain type of behaviour