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Psychology 1003 > psychology > Flashcards

psychology Flashcards

to undertand the introduction of psychology and influencial purpose on this subject (69 cards)

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1
Q

Who wrote the first book on Psychology?

A

Wilhelm Wundt in 1874

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2
Q

Who was the first female Psychologist?

A

Mary Calkins

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3
Q

Who was the second female Psychologist but first to earn a doctoral degree in Psychology?

A

Margaret Washburn

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4
Q

What is the purpose of the Spinal Cord?

A

The Spinal Cord connects the brain to the rest of the body through the Peripheral Nervous System.

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5
Q

Define ANS?

A

The Automatic Nervous System is made up of nerves that connect to the heart, blood vessels, smooth muscles and glands.

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6
Q

What is the Somatic Nervous System?

A

The Somatic Nervous System is made up of nerves that connect to Voluntary Skeletal Muscles and Sensory Receptors.

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7
Q

Define the purpose of Afferent Nerve Fibers?

A

Afferent Nerve Fibers are Axons that carry information inward to the Central Nervous System from the periphery of the body.

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8
Q

Define an Agonist?

A

An Agonist is a chemical that mimics the action of a Neurotransmitter.

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9
Q

Define an Antagonist?

A

An Antagonist is a chemical that attempts to prevent the action of a Neurotrasmitter.

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10
Q

what is GABA?

A

Gamma Aminobutyrics acids produce only inhibitory postsynaptic potentials.

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11
Q

What are Monoamines?

A

Monoamines are a category of Neurotransmitters that include Dopamine, Norepinephrine and Serotonin. They regulate aspects of everyday behaviour.

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12
Q

What are Endorphins?

A

Endorphins are similar to morphine but natural release from the brain. They produce chemicals that resemble opiates in structure and effect. They are widespread throughout the body and decrease pain.

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13
Q

What is the purpose of Serotonin?

A

Serotonin helps regulate mood, eating, arousal and sleeping.

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14
Q

What is Acetylcholine?

A

Acetylcholine is released by motor neurons to skeletal muscles which contributes to every movement the body makes.

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15
Q

Define Narcolepsy

A

A condition of which one falls asleep anytime anywhere. This condition is cured with speed.
-0.05% of the worlds population has Narcolepsy.

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16
Q

How often do infants sleep throughout the average day?

A

Infants require 16 hours of sleep.

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17
Q

Define Insomnia

A

Persistent waking up and difficulty to fall or stay asleep.

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18
Q

What is Sleep Apnea

A

Sleep Apnea is reflective gasping for air during sleep.t

There is no movement of the muscles of inhalation, and the volume of the lungs initially remains unchanged.

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19
Q

what is freuds theory on dreams.

A

The royal road to the unconscious. “Wish Fulfillment

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20
Q

What is the hardest stage to make sense of dreams?

A

REM is the most difficult to make sense of your dreams.

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21
Q

Define the five Narcotics

A
  • Heroine
  • Codeine
  • Demerol
  • Morphine
  • Methadone.
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22
Q

Define Sedatives

A

Drugs used to decrease the Central Nervous System.

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23
Q

Define the purpose of Stimulants and name 4

A

stimulants are drugs used to increase the central nervous system.

  • cocaine
  • nicotine
  • amphetamine
  • caffeine
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24
Q

define all basic parts in the front of the eyeball

A
  • lens
  • cornea
  • pupil
  • iris
  • ciliary muscle
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25
define each area of the brain front to back
- hippocampus - frontal lobe - temporal lobe - cerebrum - parietal lobe - occipital lobe - cerebellum - spinal cord
26
what are the three main types of colour blindness?
- monochromacy - dichromacy - trichromacy
27
who are the two parents of psychology?
philosophy and physiology
28
who founded the APA ?
G.Stanley Hall founded APA in 1892
29
what are the 9 research areas in Psychology?
1. developmental 2. social 3. experimental 4. behavioral 5. cognitive 6. personality 7. psychometrics 8. educational 9. health
30
explain the 5 steps in scientific investigation
1. form a hypothesis 2. design the study 3. collect the data 4. analyze the data 5. report the findings
31
Independent variable
the independent variable is a condition or event that an experimenter varies in order to see its impact on another variable.
32
Dependent variable
the dependent variable is the variable that is thought to be affected by manipulation of the independent variable.
33
extraneous variable
any variables other than the independent variable that seem likely to influence the dependent variable in a specific industry.
34
inferential statistics
inferential statistics are used to interpret data and draw conclusions.
35
how many neurons are their in the brain?
roughly 86 neurons are in the human brain.
36
Synapse
a synapse is a junction where information is transmitted from one neuron to the next.
37
how do glial cells provide protection to the brain?
1. they produce cerebral spinal fluid which cushions the brain during impact. 2. they insulate the neurons allowing them to process info faster with less energy. 3. They shield synapses from the chatter which enhance the signal to noise ratio in the nervous system.
38
what is fast mapping
connecting words with concept only after one exposure
39
what are the 3 levels of language development?
1. phonemes 2. words and concepts 3. syntax
40
where and when did the birth of psychology occur?
Germany in 1879
41
What were the first two major schools of psychology?
structuralism and functionalism
42
Which of the schools of psychology focused on understanding the purpose of behaviour?
functionalism
43
What is the term used by William James to describe a continuous flow of thoughts?
stream of consciousness
44
Cognition
the mental processes involved in acquiring knowledge
45
Noam Chomsky
Chomsky is a major figure in analytic philosophy and one of the founders of the field of cognitive science.
46
which psychologist has made a significant impact on the study of the brain and interpreting language?
Roger Sperry
47
Which psychologist demonstrated that electrical stimulation of the brain could evoke emotional responses such as pleasure and rage in animals?
James Old
48
what is psychology?
a science and a profession
49
Ethnocentrism
Ethnocentric behavior involves judging other groups relative to the preconceptions of one's own ethnic group or culture, especially regarding language, behavior, customs, and religion.
50
developmental psychology
Developmental psychology is the scientific study of how and why human beings change over the course of their life
51
industrial and organizational psychology
I/O psychology is the science of human behaviour relating to work and applies psychological theories and principles to organizations and individuals in their places of work as well as the individual's work-life more generally.
52
empiricism
The name of which approach holds knowledge through observation. The position on how information should be acquired
53
Theory
System of interrelated ideas used to explain some observation
54
nature vs. nurture
whether human behavior is determined by the environment, either prenatal or during a person's life, or by a person's genes. hereditary and experiential.
55
hypothesis
A hypothesis is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon. a statement between two or more variables.
56
what are the three basic components of a neuron?
cell body axon (sending) dendrites (receiving)
57
what does the terminal button do?
The terminal button secretes neurotransmitters
58
in what order does the information flow in a neuron?
first dendrites then to soma then to axon
59
resting potential
when a neuron is neither receiving nor sending information.
60
where are neurotransmitters stored?
they are stored in the synaptic vesicles
61
Which type of chemical that is produced in the body resembles the opiates?
Endorphins
62
What are the two most basic divisions of the nervous system
Central Nervous System & The Peripheral Nervous System
63
What does the central nervous system consist of?
the brain and spinal cord
64
What is the order of the basic memory processes in which information enters our memory system and is used later?
encoding, storage, retrieval
65
what must occur for a memory to be stored?
encoding must occur
66
semantic
a meaning in language or logic.
67
phonemic
Phonemic awareness is a subset of phonological awareness in which listeners are able to hear, identify and manipulate phonemes, the smallest mental units of sound that helps to differentiate units of meaning.
68
homeostasis
physiological stability
69
how is personality defined?
an individual’s unique constellation of consistent behavioral traits

Psychology 1003 (1 decks)

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