Psychology and the Legal System

Question 1

Shock makes you remember vivid details, true or false?

Answer 1

False. High levels of emotional arousal makes it hard for your brain to remember all/accurate details.

Question 2

____________ is when someone messes up details and talks with others that also don’t have accurate details.

Answer 2

Co-witness

Question 3

If a weapon is used in a crime, people focus on the weapon. this is called the ___________________.

Answer 3

Weapon focus effect

Question 4

______________ is when we have an idea in our head of what an offender of a crime would stereotypically look like and we base our knowledge on that, causing details of a crime to become skewed based on what we were expecting.

Answer 4

Knowledge basis

Question 5

______________ can cause witnesses’ details of a crime to be skewed e.g. dark outside, tinted bus window, etc.

Answer 5

Obscured vision

Question 6

What does NCR stands for?

Answer 6

Not criminally responsible

Question 7

Psychology as a science is focused on approximating _____________.

Answer 7

The truth

Question 8

The legal system is focused on approximating ______________.

Answer 8

Justice

Question 9

Psychology is rooted in ________________.

Answer 9

Empiricism

Question 10

Legal systems are rooted in ____________ and ___________.

Answer 10

Intuition and gut

Question 11

Psychologists are more focused on ______________ e.g. the chance the offender with re-offend.

Answer 11

Probabilities

Question 12

Recidivism means ______________.

Answer 12

Re-offend

Question 13

The legal system exclusively deals in ______________ e.g. to defendant is either guilty or not guilty.

Answer 13

Absolutes

Question 14

Psychologists try/tend to be ________________ e.g. they let the facts guide them.

Answer 14

Objective

Question 15

Legal systems are interested in _________________ e.g. two sides battling it out two decide a winner.

Answer 15

Adversaries

Question 16

Psychology as a science is focused on the ______________ e.g. finding new evidence and ideas.

Answer 16

Future

Question 17

Legal systems are focused on the _______________ e.g. decisions we make today are based on things we decided years ago.

Answer 17

Past

Question 18

__________________ means “let the decision stand”

Answer 18

Stare decisis

Question 19

Legal systems make their decisions based on _______________.

Answer 19

Stare decisis

Question 20

_________________ typically help and treat patients.

Answer 20

Clinical psychologists

Question 21

_________________ collect data and perform research.

Answer 21

Experimental psychologists

Question 22

________________ asses offenders of suspects and provide treatment programs for offenders.

Answer 22

Clinical forensic psychologists

Question 23

___________________ do research that relates to the legal system.

Answer 23

Experimental forensic psychologists

Question 24

_____________________ have a PhD in psychology and a law degree.

Answer 24

Legal scholars

Question 25

______________ figure out what kind of juror is best for a case

Answer 25

Trial consultant

Question 26

___________________ a person who works to change and improve society, government, etc.

Answer 26

Reformers

Question 27

Showing offender photos one at a time instead of all at once reduces the chance of false identification by ____________

Answer 27

2/3

Question 28

_____________ take it upon themself (by choice) to inform the court with information that they think might help the court with reaching a fair or just decision e.g. Amanda Knox.

Answer 28

Writer of amicus curaie brief

Question 29

__________________ is hired by the defence or the prosecution to offer their OPINION on evidence.

Answer 29

Expert witness

Question 30

Expert witness approaches include ___________________________.

Answer 30

Conduit-educator, advocate, and hired guns.

Question 31

The Daubert criteria includes __________________.

Answer 31

Peer review, general acceptance, falsifiability, and error rate.

Question 32

__________________ is when the research presented in court has to be what most experts would agree on.

Answer 32

General acceptance

Question 33

___________________ is when the research presented in court has to be peer-reviewed.

Answer 33

Peer review

Question 34

The Mohan criteria includes ___________________________.

Answer 34

Qualification of the expert, necessity, relevance, and absence of any exclusionary rule.

Question 35

_________________________ means the information the expert is presenting goes against common knowledge.

Answer 35

Necessity

Question 36

_________________ means that the expert's testimony makes a fact at issue more or less likely e.g. the evidence the witness presents has to go with evidence in the case.

Answer 36

Relevance

Question 37

______________________ means the expert witness has to follow the normal witness rules e.g. they can't claim that another witness is lying.

Answer 37

Absence of any exclusionary rule

Question 38

____________________ means they decide what happens in their court room.

Answer 38

Judges as gate keepers

Question 39

Judges only accept _________% of high quality or low quality science.

Answer 39

17%

Question 40

Common law is also referred to as an _______________ approach to law.

Answer 40

Adversarial

Question 41

_______________ laws is when a judge made law (a judge makes a decision based on the evidence in a case and the existing laws we have).

Answer 41

Adversarial

Question 42

Civil law is also referred to as an _______________ approach to law.

Answer 42

Inquisitorial

Question 43

________________ exists to define rights and duties. (e.g. you have a duty not to steal stuff, pay taxes, etc.).

Answer 43

Substantive Law

Question 44

_____________________ exists to enforce the laws and duties in substantive law.

Answer 44

Procedural law

Question 45

_________________ is the defining of rights and duties between the state and citizens (e.g. you pay taxes and then the state has to provide you with police services).

Answer 45

Public law

Question 46

_______________ is defining the rights and duties between individual citizens (e.g. and landlord and a tenant).

Answer 46

Private law

Question 47

________________ is a legal procedure of you against the state (e.g. r. v. Lastname).

Answer 47

Criminal procedures

Question 48

__________________ is a legal procedure of you against someone else (e.g. Smith vs Jones).

Answer 48

Civil procedure

Question 49

________________ (hitting, slapping, shoving, etc) is most violated violent crimes in Canada.

Answer 49

Assault level 1

Question 50

___________________ is the second most violated violent crime in Canada.

Answer 50

Uttering threats

Question 51

Legislatures _________________ statutes (laws).

Answer 51

Create

Question 52

Judges ________________ statutes (laws).

Answer 52

Interpret

Question 52

Statutes are ____________.

Answer 52

Laws

Question 53

the Charter of Rights and Freedoms ___________ our rights as Canadians.

Answer 53

Define

Question 54

The ____________________ is responsible for arguing to the judge that the defendant is guilty.

Answer 54

Crown prosecutor

Question 55

__________ is the idea that you should only be prosecuted for a crime if it was committed at your own free will.

Answer 55

Mens rea

Question 56

_______________ is the actual physical act committed.

Answer 56

Actus Reus

Question 57

The first principle/advantage of ________________ is that the judge should consider decisions at a similar level of court when making a decision.

Answer 57

Stare decisis

Question 58

The second principle/advantage of _____________ is that the judge must follow decisions of higher courts.

Answer 58

Stare decisis

Question 59

The Supreme Court of Canada is ______________.

Answer 59

Federal

Question 60

The Court of Appeal (first), the Superior Court (second), and the Ontario Court of Justice (third) are ______________.

Answer 60

Provincial

Question 61

________________ is the idea that you shouldn't be held criminally responsible for behaviours beyond your control (e.g. sleepwalking).

Answer 61

Automatism

Question 62

When ___________ courts make a decision, ___________ courts have to follow it.

Answer 62

Higher, lower

Question 63

________ is to make sure someone will show up on their court date.

Answer 63

Bail

Question 64

______________ have lenient penalties (not as serious crimes).

Answer 64

Summary convictions

Question 65

_________________ have more serious penalties (a serious crime).

Answer 65

Indictment

Question 66

The job of the ______________ is to find someone guilty or not guilty.

Answer 66

Judge

Question 67

The purpose of the ______________ is to collect information, criminal record, and psychiatric assessment.

Answer 67

Sentencing

Question 68

___________________ is a field of psychology that deals with all aspects of human behaviour as it relates to the law or legal system.

Answer 68

Forensic psychology

Question 69

___________________________ refers to a process whereby people confused actual memories of events with the events described by the media.

Answer 69

Retroactive memory falsification