Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Honors Biology > Psychology Exam 1 (Chapters 1-4) > Flashcards

Psychology Exam 1 (Chapters 1-4) Flashcards

(57 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Research Psychologists

A

use scientific methods to create new knowledge about causes of behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Psychologist Practitioners

A

counseling, clinical

use existing research to enhance everyday life of others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Data

A

any information collect through formal observation or measurement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Extrasensory Perception (ESP)

A

the faculty of perceiving things by means other than the known senses, e.g telepathy or clairvoyance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Hindsight Bias

A

tendency to think that we could have predicted something that has already occurred that we probably would not have been able to predict

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Empirical Methods

A

processes of collecting and organizing data and drawing conclusions about the data
- common framework on which data can be shared

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Scientific Method

A

set of assumptions, rules, and procedures that scientists use to conduct empirical research

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Values

A

personal statements
“I will go to heaven when I die”

  • can come into play when determining if the research is appropriate to conduct
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Facts

A

objective statements determined to be true through empirical study

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Levels of Explanation

A

the perspectives that are used to understand behavior

  • low levels= biological influences

-high levels= social groups, organizations, and cultures

-middle level= coping strategies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Individual Differences

A

variations among people on physical or psychological dimensions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Multiply Determined

A

produced by many factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Repression

A

the unconscious blocking of unpleasant emotions, impulses, memories, and thoughts from your conscious mind

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Structuralism

A

method of introspection to identify the basic elements or “structures” of psychological experience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Functionalism

A

understanding why animals and humans have developed particular psychological aspects that they currently possess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Psychodynamic

A

focuses on the role of unconscious thoughts, feelings, and memories and our early childhood experiences in determining behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Behaviorism

A

Based on the premise that it is not possible to objectively study the mind, and therefore psychologists should limit their attention to study behavior itself

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Cognitive

A

study of mental processes, including Perception, thinking, memory, and judgements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Social-Cultural

A

study of how the social situations and the cultures in which people find themselves influence thinking and behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Nature vs. Nurture

A

how genes and the environment influence the behavior of people and account for differences among people

  • Nature (biological makeup)
  • Nurture (life experiences)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Heritability

A

proportion of observed differences on characteristics among people (height, intelligence)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Free Will vs. Determinism

A

extent to where people have control over their own actions
- are things out of our control or is it our fault?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Accuracy vs. Inaccuracy

Study These Flashcards
A

extent that humans are good information processors

-human judgement can be compromised by thinking styles and emotions

24
Q

Conscious vs. Unconscious Processing

Study These Flashcards
A

to what extent are we conscious of our actions + the causes and to what extent are our behaviors caused by influence not known to us

25
Differences vs. Similarities
to what extent are we similar and different
26
Plato
argues on nature side - believed that certain kinds of knowledge are innate or born with
27
Aristotle
Nurture side - believed that each child was born as an "empty slate"
28
Rene Descartes (1596-1650)
considered the issue of free will - believed that the mind controls the body through the pineal gland in the brain - agreed with Plato on innate abilities
29
Dualism
the mind is fundamentally different from the mechanical body - Rousseau, Locke, and Hobbes weighed in too
30
1st two research psychologusts
German Wilhelm Wundt American WIlliam James -both focus on consciousness
31
Wilhel Wundt
made structuralism to create a periodic table of the sensations
32
Introspection
asking research participants to describe exactly what they experience as they work and how long it takes them to do the task - when reading, viewing colors, or doing a math problem
33
Sensation vs. Perception
Sensation is our ability to detect senses like touch, pain, vision, or the movement and positioning of our body. Perception is the way in which the brain processes and communicates these senses to the rest of the body
34
Best Known Structualist
Edward Bradford Titchener - claimed to have identified over 40,000 sensations relating to smell, vision, and hearing.
35
Structuralists were the first to....
realize the importance of the unconscious process
36
William James thought...
that one's thinking was relevant to one's behavior
37
Functionalists were influenced by...
Charles Darwin's Theory of Natural Selection - physical characteristics of animals and humans evolved because they were useful or functional -applied to not only the body but the mind too
38
Evolutionary Psychology
applies the Darwinian theory of Natural Selection to human and animal behavior - accepts functionalist ideas - helps understand attraction, stereotypes, etc.
39
Fitness
the extent to which having a given characteristic helps the organism survive and reproduce at a higher rate that other members of the spices who do not possess it.
40
The Psychodynamic Approach Psychologist was?
Sigmund Freud
41
Sigmund Freud Believed...
that many problems that his patients experienced (depression, anxiety) were due to painful childhood experiences the person could no longer remember
42
Freud's ideas were expanded by
Carl Jung, Alfred Adler, Karen Horney, and Erik Erikosn
43
Psychoanalysis
revolves around the belief that everyone has unconscious thoughts, feelings, desires, and memories. Psychoanalysis therapy is used to release repressed emotions and experiences
44
Behaviorist believe that....
the mind is a "black box" into which stimuli are sent and from which responses are received
45
1st two Behaviorists
American John B. Watson Russian Ivan Pavlov
46
John B. Watson was influenced by
Ivan Pavlov
47
Ivan Pavlov discovered that...
dogs would salivate at the sound of a tone that had been previously associated with the presentation of food. -used these observations as how organisms experienced the environment (stimuli) and produced certain behaviors (responses)
48
Most famous behaviorist
Burrhus Frederick (B.F.) Skinner -expanded the principles of behaviorism and brought them the attention of the public.
49
Reinforcements
application of rewards
50
2 Cognitive Psychologists
Hermann Ebbinghaus - studied the ability of people to remember lists of words under different conditions Frederic Bartlett - studied cognitive and social processes of remembering
51
Neuroimaging
use of various techniques to provide pictures of the structure and function of the living brain
52
Social-Cultural Psychologists are concerned with...
how people perceive themselves and others, and how people influence each other's behavior - we develop our own beliefs and attitudes by comparing our opinions to those of others
53
Social Norms
ways of thinking, feeling, or behaving that are shared by group members and perceived by them as appropriate
54
Culture
common srt of social norms, including religious and family values and other moral beliefs, share by the people who live in a geographical region
55
Individualism
valuing the self and one's independence from others
56
Interdependence or Collectivism
Focus on developing harmonious social relationships with others
57

Honors Biology (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions