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FHU freshman yr. > psychology exam #3 > Flashcards

psychology exam #3 Flashcards

1
Q

personality

A

the consistency we see in personal behavior patterns

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2
Q

temperament

A

natural part of your personality that comes from your genes

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3
Q

character

A

both a natural component of personality and one you learn

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4
Q

the big 5 personality factors

A
  1. openness to experience
  2. conscientiousness
  3. extraversion
  4. agreeableness
  5. neuroticism (anxiety, depression, self- doubt)
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5
Q

humanistic perspective of personality

A

personal growth

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6
Q

Gordon Allport

A

humanistic cardinal, central, and secondary traits

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7
Q

Raymond B. Catte II

A
  • humanistic
  • 16 PF personality test
  • surface traits
  • source traits
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8
Q

behaviorist perspective of personality

A

personality is result of learned behavior patterns in environment
John Watson

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9
Q

psychoanalytic perspective of personality

A

personality results from unconscious urges and desires
Freud: id, superego, ego
Jung: collective unconscious, archetypes

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10
Q

conscious

A

everything you are aware of at a given moment thoughts, feelings, perceptions

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11
Q

preconscious

A

contains material just beneath the surface of awareness that can easily be retrieved

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12
Q

unconscious

A

a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories. according to contemporary psychologists, information processing of which we are unaware

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13
Q

id

A

a reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that, according to Freud, strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives. the id operates on the pleasure principles, demanding immediate gratification

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14
Q

superego

A

the part of personality that, according to Freud, represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgment (the conscience) and for future aspirations
- comes from parents/caregivers

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15
Q

ego

A

the largely conscious, “executive” part of personality that, according to Freud, mediates among the demands of the id, superego, and reality. the ego operates on the reality principle, satisfying the id’s desires in ways that will realistically bring pleasure rather than pain.

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16
Q

social learning perspective of personality

A

people observe behavior either directly through social interactions with others or indirectly by observing behaviors through media. actions that are rewarded are more likely to be imitated, while those that are punished are voided

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17
Q

psychopathology

A

study of mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders
- abnormality, non conformity, and normality

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18
Q

mood disorders

A

a mental health problem that primarily affects a person’s emotional state; a person experiences long periods of extreme happiness, extreme sadness or both

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19
Q

mania

A

elevated mood; impulsive; little sleep

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20
Q

major depression

A

depressed mood

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21
Q

bipolar 1

A

full manic and major depressive episodes

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22
Q

hypomania

A

elevated mood that is less intense than full mania; functionable

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23
Q

dysthymia

A

a milder affective disorder characterized by chronic depression

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24
Q

cyclothymia

A

disorder that consists of mood swings from dysthymia to hypomania and last two years or more

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25
Q

bipolar !!

A

a type of bipolar disorder marked by mildly manic (hypomanic) episodes and major depressive episodes

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26
Q

psychotic disorder

A

disruptions to a person’s thoughts and perceptions that make it difficult for them to recognize what is real and what is not

hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking/speech, diminished emotional expression, lack of motivation

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27
Q

delusional disorder

A

made up of delusions

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28
Q

brief psychotic disorder

A

psychotic disturbance involving delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized speech or behavior but lasting less than 1 month; often occurs in reaction to a stressor

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29
Q

schizophrenoform disorder

A

experienced symptoms of schizophrenia for only a few months then resumes normal life

30
Q

schizophrenia

A

a psychological disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech and/or diminished, inappropriate emotional expression

31
Q

schizoaffective disorder

A

psychotic disorder featuring symptoms of both schizophrenia and major mood disorder

32
Q

anxiety disorders

A

-phobias
-panic disorders
-PTSD
-trauma and stressor related
-OCD

33
Q

obsessions

A

persistent ideas, thoughts, or impulses that are unwanted and inappropriate, causing marked distress

34
Q

compulsions

A

repetitive behaviors

35
Q

personality disorders

A

psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning

36
Q

antisocial personality disorder

A

a personality disorder in which the person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even towards friends and family members. May be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist

37
Q

borderline personality disorder

A

a personality disorder characterized by disturbances in identity, in affect, and impulse control

38
Q

psychotherapy

A

bring about positive changes in personality, behavior, or personal adjustment

39
Q

core features of psychology

A
  1. therapy provides a therapeutic alliance
  2. therapy offers a protected setting in which emotional catharsis can take place
  3. all therapies to some extent offer an explanation or rationale for the client’s suffering
  4. therapy provides clients with a new perspective about themselves & their situations & a chance to practice new behaviors
40
Q

types of therapy

A
  • individual v. group
  • insight v. action
  • directive v. nondirective
  • open ended v. time limited
  • face to face v. distance
41
Q

insight therapy

A

any therapy that stresses the importance of understanding the origins of a psychological disorder, usually unresolved unconscious conflicts

42
Q

action therapies

A

therapies in which the main goal is to change disordered or inappropriate behavior directly

any therapy that stresses directly changing troublesome thoughts and/or behaviors without regard for their organs

43
Q

directive therapy

A

any therapy that stresses the need for the therapist to lead the patient toward a resolution of his or her psychological distress

44
Q

non directive therapy

A

a type of therapy in which the client rather than the therapist is encouraged to take the lead

45
Q

brief psychodynamic therapy

A

self- awareness and understanding of the influence of the past on present behavior; designed to produce insights more quickly

modern of psychoanalytic behavior

46
Q

interpersonal psychotherapy

A

a brief dynamic psychotherapy designed to help people by improving their relationships with other people

47
Q

group therapy

A

psychological treatment involving several unrelated clients

48
Q

psychodrama

A

clients act out personal conflicts and feelings in the presence of others who play supporting roles

49
Q

role reversal

A

taking the role of another person o learn how one’s behavior appears from the other person’s perspective

50
Q

mirror technique

A

observing another person reenact one’s own behavior appears from the other person’s perspective

51
Q

behavior therapy

A

any therapy designed to actively change behavior

52
Q

aversion therapy

A

treatment to reduce unwanted behavior by pairing it with an unpleasant stimulus

53
Q

response- contingent shock

A

shocks that are linked to a response

54
Q

exposure therapy

A

alleviating fears and phobias (conditioned emotional responses) by causing classical conditioning extinction

55
Q

systematic desensitization

A

a guided reduction in fear, anxiety, or aversion attached by gradually approaching a fear stimulus while maintaining relaxation

56
Q

tension-release method

A

a procedure for systematically achieving deep elation of the body

57
Q

reciprocal inhibition

A

presence of one emotional state can inhibit the occurrence of another, such as joy preventing fear or anxiety inhibiting pleasure

58
Q

vicarious desensitization

A

a reduction in fear or anxiety that takes place vicariously (“secondhand”) when a client watches models perform the feared behavior

59
Q

virtual reality exposure

A

use of computer generated images to present fear stimuli. the virtual environment responds to a viewer’s head movements and other inputs

60
Q

eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)

A

holding upsetting thoughts in the mind while rapidly moving the eyes from side to side to reduce fear or anxiety

61
Q

humanistic therapies

A

insight therapies intended to help clients gain deeper understanding of their thoughts, emotions, and behavior

62
Q

cognitive therapies

A

tend to be action- oriented; less concerned with insight than with helping people change problematic thinking patterns
treatment of emotional and behavioral problems by changing maladaptive thoughts, beliefs, and feelings

63
Q

client-centered therapy

A

a humanistic therapy, developed by carl rogers, in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within genuine, accepting, empathetic environment to facilitate client’s growth (also called person-centered therapy) non directive

64
Q

existential therapy

A

focuses on the elemental problems of existence such as death, meaning choice and. responsibility; emphasizes making courageous life choices, helps clients discover self-imposed limitations in personal identity

65
Q

logo therapy

A

developed by Frankl, this brand of existential therapy literally means “healing through reason”
it focuses on challenging clients to search for meaning to life

66
Q

gestalt therapy

A

has the goal of helping the client become aware if his or her thoughts, behaviors, experiences, and feelings and to “own” or take responsibility for them

67
Q

gaps in experience

A

shying away from expressing or “owning” upsetting feelings; creates a gap in self awareness that may become a barrier to personal growth

68
Q

cognitive behavioral therapy

A

a popular integrative therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior)

69
Q

thought stopping

A

the use of aversive stimuli to interrupt or prevent upsetting thoughts

70
Q

rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT)

A

a confrontational cognitive therapy, developed by Albert Ellis, that vigorously challenges people’s illogical, self-defeating attitudes and assumptions

designed to identify and change self defeating thoughts

71
Q

somatic therapy

A

any bodily therapy, such as drug therapy, electroconvulsive therapy, or psychosurgery

72
Q

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

A

a biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized

FHU freshman yr. (7 decks)

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