Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Psychology Final > Psychology Final > Flashcards

Psychology Final Flashcards

(67 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is Psychopathology?

A

The Scientific study of the origins,
symptoms, and development of psychological disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a Psychological disorder or mental disorder?

A

A Pattern of behavioral and psychological symptoms
that causes significant personal distress, impairs
the ability to function in one or more important areas of life, or both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the DSM-5?

A

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

– Has increased in number of disorders classified over
the years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How many Disorders does the DSM-5 describe?

A

Describes more than 260 specific psychological
disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is Included in the DSM-5?

A

Symptoms and criteria that must be met to make a diagnosis, and typical course for each mental disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What ratio of American Adults experience the symptoms of a psychological disorder?

A

About one in four American adults has experienced the symptoms of some type of psychological disorder during the previous year.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

At what age do most people experience the onset of Anxiety Disorders, PTSD, and OCD?

A

11 Years Old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

At what age do most people experience the onset of Depressive and Bipolar Disorders?

A

30 Years Old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

At what age do most people experience the onset of Impulse Control Disorders?

A

11 Years Old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

At what age do most people experience the onset of Substance use Disorders?

A

20 Years Old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

At what age do most people experience the onset of All Disorders?

A

14 Years Old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is Anxiety?

A

An Unpleasant emotional state
characterized by physical arousal and feelings of tension, apprehension, and worry.
– Physically alert; mental alert

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are Anxiety disorders?

A

A Category of psychological
disorders in which extreme anxiety is the main diagnostic feature and causes significant disruptions in the person’s cognitive, behavioral,
or interpersonal functioning.
– Irrational; uncontrollable; disruptive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)?

A

Anxiety disorder characterized by excessive, global, and persistent symptoms of anxiety; also
called free-floating anxiety
– When one source of worry is removed, another takes its
place.

“Worrying About Anything and Everything”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are some Causes for Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)?

A

Environmental, psychological, genetic, and other biological
factors
– Problematic anxiety can be evident from a very early age.
– Early stressful experiences may contribute.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are Panic attacks?

A

Sudden episodes of extreme anxiety
that rapidly accelerates in intensity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is a Panic attack disorder?

A

Anxiety disorder in which
person experiences frequent and unexpected panic
attacks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is Agoraphobia?

A

Anxiety disorder involving extreme
fear of experiencing a panic attack or other embarrassing or incapacitating symptoms in a public situation where escape is impossible and help is
unavailable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is a Phobia?

A

Persistent and irrational fear of a specific object, situation, or activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is a Specific Phobia?

A

Excessive, intense, and irrational
fear of a specific object, situation, or activity that is actively avoided or endured with marked anxiety

  • More Intense than Phobias
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What percentage of the general population experiences a specific phobia?

A

About 13 percent of the general population experiences a
specific phobia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What ratio of Women to Men experience a Specific Phobia?

A

More than twice as many women as men suffer from specific phobia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the Four Primary
Categories of Phobias?

A

– Fear of particular situations
– Fear of features of the natural environment
– Fear of injury or blood
– Fear of animals and insects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is Social Anxiety Disorder?

A

An irrational fear of being embarrassed, judged, or critically evaluated by others in social settings

“Fear of Being Judged in Social Situations”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What percentage of Adults in the United States have experienced Social Anxiety Disorder?
About one out of eight adults in the United States has experienced social anxiety disorder at some point in his or her life.
26
Who are Social Anxiety Disorders more prevalent amongst? (Men or Women)
Women
27
What is "Biological Preparation" in Phobias?
Certain fears, such as to spiders or heights, have an evolutionary history and may represent a fear of contamination.
28
What does the Basic learning Principles phobia theory state?
Some phobias can be explained in terms of classical conditioning, operant conditioning and observational learning.
29
What is Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)?
Disorder characterized by the presence of intrusive, repetitive, and unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors or mental acts that an individual feels driven to perform (compulsions). "Checking It Again and Again"
30
What are Obsessions?
Repeated, intrusive, and uncontrollable irrational thoughts or mental images that cause extreme anxiety - Common: Fear of dirt, germs; pathological doubt about having completed a task
31
What are Compulsions?
Repetitive behaviors or mental acts tat a person feels driven to perform to prevent or reduce anxiety and distress, or to prevent a dreaded event or situation. – May be overt or covert
32
What are some causes of OCD?
Deficiency in serotonin, norepinephrine implicated – Drugs that increase the availability of these neurotransmitters decrease symptoms Dysfunction in specific brain areas – Areas involved in the fight-or-flight response – Frontal lobes, which play a key role in our ability to think and plan ahead – Heightened neural activity in caudate nucleus involved in regulating movements
33
What is the Common Cold of Psychological Disorders?
Depression
34
What is Major Depressive Disorder?
Major depressive disorder is characterized by extreme and persistent feelings of despondency, worthlessness, and hopelessness, causing impaired emotional, cognitive, behavioral, and physical functioning.
35
What Percentage of Americans are affected by Major Depressive Disorder?
6 percent to 7 percent of Americans are affected by major depression
36
What percentage of Americans experience Major Depression at some point in their lives?
Lifetime prevalence: About 15 percent of Americans at some point in their lives
37
What ratio of Men and Women are likely to be affected by Major Depression?
Women are about twice as likely as men to be affected by major depression
38
How long does a person display symptoms of Depression before being diagnosed?
In major depressive disorder, a person must display most symptoms described in DSM-5 for two weeks or longer.
39
What is a milder form of Bipolar Disorder?
Cyclothymic Disorder
40
What is Bipolar Disorder?
- Person experiences extreme mood swings * Episodes of incapacitating depression alternate with shorter periods of extreme euphoria, called manic episodes * Usually manic episode immediately precedes or follows a bout with major depression * Small percentage of people experience only manic episodes * Involves abnormal moods at both ends of emotional spectrum
41
What is Cyclothymic Disorder?
People experience moderate but frequent mood swings for two years or longer * Mood swings are not severe enough to qualify as either bipolar disorder or major depression * People with it are perceived as being extremely moody, unpredictable, and inconsistent
42
When does bipolar disorder typically occur in a person?
Early 20s
43
Who is more prevalent to experience bipolar disorder?
Both Men and Women are equally as likely
44
Which disorders could be caused by cigarette smoking
Bipolar + Depressive Disorders
45
What did Lasser Discover?
Cigarette smokers are twice as likely to experience a mental illness
46
What percentage of Eating Disorder sufferers are Female?
95 percent
47
What is Anorexia Nervosa?
Eating disorder characterized by excessive weight loss, an irrational fear of gaining weight, and distorted body self-perception
48
What is Bulimia Nervosa?
Bingeing and Purging * Eating disorder characterized by binges of extreme overeating followed by self-induced vomiting, misuse of laxatives, or other inappropriate methods to purge the excessive food and prevent weight gain.
49
How often do Binges Occur?
Binges typically occur twice a week
50
What are Side Effects of Bulimia Nervosa
Raspy Voices, Decaying Teeth
51
What are Personality disorders?
Inflexible, maladaptive pattern of thoughts, emotions, behaviors, and interpersonal functioning that are stable over time and across situations, and deviate from the expectations of the individual’s culture
52
What are the three basic clusters of Personality Disorders?
* Odd, eccentric * Dramatic, emotional, erratic * Anxious, fearful
53
What are some Odd, Eccentric Cluster Personality Disorders?
- Paranoid personality disorder - Schizoid personality disorder - Schizotypal personality disorder
54
What are some Dramatic, Emotional, Erratic Cluster Personality Disorders?
* Antisocial personality disorder * Borderline personality disorder * Histrionic personality disorder * Narcissistic personality disorder
55
What are some Anxious, Fearful Cluster Personality Disorders?
* Avoidant personality disorder * Dependent personality disorder * Obsessive– compulsive personality disorder
56
What are Dissociative Disorders?
Dissociative disorders are a category of psychological disorders in which extreme and frequent disruptions of awareness, memory, and personal identity impair the ability to function.
57
What are the 3 Basic Dissociative Disorders?
– Dissociative amnesia – Dissociative fugue – Dissociative identity disorder
58
What is Dissociative amnesia?
Refers to partial or total inability to recall important information that is not due to a medical condition – Person develops amnesia for personal events and information, rather than for general knowledge or skills
59
What is Dissociative fugue?
Suddenly and inexplicably travels away from his home, wandering to other cities or even countries
60
What is Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)?
Dissociative disorder involves extensive memory disruptions along with the presence of two or more distinct identities, or “personalities”; formerly called multiple personality disorder. * Not all mental health professionals are convinced that dissociative identity disorder is a genuine psychological disorder.
61
What is Schizophrenia?
A psychological disorder that involves severely distorted beliefs, perceptions, and thought processes.
62
How long are symptoms present before Schizophrenia is diagnosed?
Schizophrenia is diagnosed when two or more of these characteristic symptoms are actively present for a month. or longer.
63
What are Positive Symptoms?
Positive symptoms refer to the presence of abnormal behaviors or experiences that are added to a person's typical experience
64
What are Negative Symptoms?
Negative symptoms, on the other hand, represent the absence or reduction of normal functions and behaviors.
65
How many new cases of Schizophrenia are diagnosed in the United States per year?
200,000 new cases are diagnosed in United States per year
66
What percentage of the U.S Population experience at least one episode of Schizophrenia in life?
1 percent of the U.S. population will experience at least one episode during life
67
What is the Correlation between Father Age and Child Schizo Development?
The older the father is, the more likely the child will develop Schizophrenia

Psychology Final (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions