Psychology- Healthy Minds Flashcards
(37 cards)
What is the wellness continuum?
pre-mature death > high level wellness
Neutral point
By moving to the right, it prevents things such as depression, leaning on alcohol/ smoking.
Wellness is not static
What is resilience?
The ability to remain mentally well, despite life stresses
How did ancient greeks view mental illness?
Mental illness was viewed as possession caused by evil spirits or punishment by god. Plato, Pythagoras, Hippocrates said it was due to natural causes (the four humours)
Resolved it by putting poison into the body to rid the evil spirit. Also, rest, diet, exercise and abstinence from sex and alcohol.
How did the 20th century view mental illness?
Highlight the word “illness”. It was a mental “disease” which was approached by;
- diagnosis
- Aetiology
- Prognosis
- Treatment
Treatment included asylums, drugs, hospitalisation and Freudian concepts and psychoanalysis
What does DSM-IV stand for and what is it used for?
Diagnostic and statistical manual of American psychiatric association. It is used to outline the main diagnosis and related statistics surrounding mental health.
What are the four main criteria used to determine if someone has a psychological disorder?
depressed mood nearly everyday, insomnia/hype insomnia, diminished interest in pleasure activities, extreme restlessness/ slowness
What are the 5 categories covered in the Mental Status Examination?
- Appearance & behaviour
- Thought processes
- Mood & affect
- Intellectual functioning
- Sensorium
What is general appearance referring to? (Mental status examination)
- dress/general appearance
- posture
- facial expressions & movements
Based on idea people may neglect appearance/ hygiene when mentally ill.
What is thought processes? (mental status examination)
- fast/ slow speech
- trouble expressing ideas, are they logical?
- perceptual experiences
- bizarre talk (delusions & hallucinations)
What is sensorium? (mental status examination)
- awareness of surroundings
- level of alertness
Problems here may indicate brain dysfunction
What are risk factors?
Risk factors are things that people experience that have the ability to increase the likelihood that they will develop mental illnesses
What are protective factors?
Protective factors are believed to reside in an individual or environment. Protective factors allow for adaptive outcomes
What are some biological risk factors?
- chronic illness
- disability
- prematurity
what are some personal level risk factors?
- low self esteem
- left school early
- divorce
- bullying
- death in the family
What are some sociocultural level risk factors?
- lack of social support
- poor public health system
- media portrayal of violence
- population density
What are some biological level protective factors?
- good health
- above average intelligence
What are some basic level protective factors?
- good problem solving skills
- optimism
- empathy
- belief in own ability
What are some personal level protective factors?
- active lifestyle
- small family size
- experiences of achievement
- more than 2 years between siblings
What are some sociocultural level protective factors?
- strong, supportive family
- sense of belonging to community
- access to support
What is the population health approach?
It targets whole populations rather than individuals in trying to prevent the onset of mental illness.
Protective & risk factors are necessary for this approach because one can see what areas need improvement/response and what should be encouraged/ promoted in the community.
Why does population health approach take a broad approach to prevention of mental illness?
It helps governments understand appropriate mental health interventions and considers developmental perspectives, allowing interventions to target the boarder community, utilising a range of professionals.
What are the three levels of the government’s national mental health strategy?
(using the population health approach)
Mental health promotion: action taken to maximise mental health and well-being among populations and individuals.
Prevention: interventions that occur before the initial onset of a disorder to prevent development of the disorder
Early Intervention: interventions that specifically target people displaying early signs/symptoms of mental disorder & or those developing/experiencing a first episode of a mental disorder.
What are health promotion strategies and what is an example?
Health promotion strategies aim to maximise protective factors and minimise risk factors by creating supportive environments, strengthening community action, developing personal skills & give health services a preventative approach.
An example is telephone counselling or group counselling.
How does prevention work universally?
By targeting the general population
