PSYCHOLOGY - INDIVIDUALS

Question 1

TRAIT THEORY

Answer 1

people are born with established personality characteristics

Question 2

TRAIT

Answer 2

a single characteristic of personality that is believed to be a natural force or instinct causing an individual to behave in a predicted way

Question 3

AGRESSION

Answer 3

an action intended to bring about harm or injury - aggressive behaviour is undesirable and dysfunctional in the context of sport

Question 4

AROUSAL

Answer 4

a physical and mental state of preparedness

Question 5

PERSONALITY PROFIE

Answer 5

an overall assessment of an individual’s personality

Question 6

SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY

Answer 6

all behaviour is learned from environmental experience

Question 7

VICARIOUS

Answer 7

learning by watching the performance of another person

Question 8

INTERACTIONALIST THEORY

Answer 8

behaviour occurs from the influence of inherited traits and learned experiences

Question 9

ATTITUDE

Answer 9

a learned behavioural predisposition

Question 10

ATTITUDE OBJECT

Answer 10

the people, subject or situation towards which an attitude is directed

Question 11

PREJUDICE

Answer 11

a predetermined view or opinion which may be unfairly biased

Question 12

SOCIALISATION

Answer 12

interation with others that may modify behavior

Question 13

DISSONANCE

Answer 13

an emotional conflict

Question 14

COMETITIVENESS

Answer 14

the degree to which a person has the motivation to approach and achieve success in sport

Question 15

INCENTIVE VALUE

Answer 15

relates to the degree of pleasure experienced when success is achieved

Question 16

APPROACH BEHAVIOUR

Answer 16

describes behaviour that accepts a challenge

Question 17

AVOIDANCE BEHAVIOUR

Answer 17

describes behaviour that rejects a challenge

Question 18

ATTRIBUTION

Answer 18

the process that predicts reasons for success or failure

Question 19

MASTERY ORIENTATION

Answer 19

the strong motive to succeed found in the high achiever

Question 20

LEARNED HELPLESSNESS

Answer 20

the belief that failure is inevitable and that the individual has no control over the factors that control failure

Question 21

ATTRIBUTION

Answer 21

attribution theory identifies the reasons (attributions) given by performers to explain success and failure

Question 22

LOCUS OF CAUSALITY

Answer 22

identifies the perceived cause of success or failure i.e. external or internal

Question 23

ATTRIBUTION BIAS

Answer 23

or self-serving bias, refers to the performers belief that the separate attributions given for success and failure never change

Question 24

HOSTILE AGRESSION

Answer 24

(aggression) deliberate intention to harm or injure another person, breaking the rules of the game

Question 25

CHANNELLED AGRESSION

Answer 25

(assertion) robust play which is directed towards completing the skill successfully not primarily inflicting injury

Question 26

ANTECEDENT

Answer 26

prior event which can lead to aggression (causes)

Question 27

DISPLACED AGGRESSION

Answer 27

to change the direction of aggression

Question 28

NURTURE

Answer 28

a learned pattern of behaviour acquired through reinforcement, imitation of the behaviour of others and general environmental influences

Question 29

COGNITIVE

Answer 29

relating to mental or psychological processes

Question 30

SOMATIC

Answer 30

realting to physical processes