Psychology mental processes

Question 1

The brain

Answer 1

The brain is a complex organ contained within the skull that coordinates mental processes and behaviour, and regulates bodily activity.

Question 2

The function of the human nervous system

Answer 2

• Receiveinformation
• Processinformation, and
• Organise a responseto information

Question 3

The CNS - components

Answer 3

contains the brain and spinal cord

Question 4

sarah says actually purposely

The PNS- components

Answer 4

somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system. - sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 5

The three brain regions

Answer 5

Hindbrain
Midbrain
Forebrain

Question 6

Hindbrain

Answer 6

The hindbrain is located at the base of the brain, including some of the brain stem.

Responsible for coordinating automatic basic survival functions, including movement, breathing rate, heart rate, and digestion

Structures that include the cerebellum, medulla and pons.

Question 7

cerebellum

Answer 7

Functions:
Monitor and coordinate skeletal muscle movement
regions
Maintaining balance and posture

Question 8

a= a

medulla

Answer 8

for neural signals
Regulate vital autonomic processes, such as swallowing, respiration, heart rate, blood pressure, and digestion.
Controls reflexive actions like vomiting, coughing, sneezing

Question 9

v a t

Mindbrain

Answer 9

Processing sensory information, such as auditory, visual, and tactile information.

Coordinating motor movement relating to sensory stimuli, such as eye movements or auditory information.

Question 10

Reticular formation

Answer 10

relay center for many vital brain systems to coordinate functions necessary for survival

Question 11

Forebrain

Answer 11

The forebrain is the largest part of the brain, located above the midbrain and extends across the top of the brain.

Important role in , learning, language, and memory

receiving and processing sensory information, and initiating voluntary motor movement.

Contains structures that include the hypothalamus, thalamus and cerebrum.

Question 12

Hypothalamus

Answer 12

e hypothalamus is an area of the brain that produces hormones that control: Body temperature. Heart rate. Hunger. Mood

Question 13

only one part

Thalamus

Answer 13

Filters information from sense receptor sites then passes it to relevant areas of the brain for further processing.

Question 14

cerebrum

Answer 14

controlling higher-level cognitive functions, motor skills, and sensory processing

Question 15

corpus callosum

Answer 15

The corpus callosum connects the two hemispheres

Question 16

paula leaves money lachy thinks psositively

cerebral cortex

Answer 16

Thecerebral cortexis the outer layer of the cerebrum and involved with perception, learning, memory, language, thinking and problem-solving

Question 17

money says alot

Functional areas of the cerebral cortex

Answer 17

motor, sensory, and association functions

Question 18

The frontal lobeparts

Answer 18

prefrontal cortex
premotor cortex
primary motor cortex
Broca’s area

Question 19

ps o p

frontal lobe

Answer 19

plays a crucial role in many higher-level cognitive functions, including decision-making, problem-solving, planning, and organizing.

Question 20

frontal = a

t bf

prefrontal cortex

Answer 20

in the association area -
controls thoughts feelings and behaviours and motor movement

Question 21

premotor cortex

Answer 21

motor area- voluntary movements and organises sequence motions

Question 22

primary motor cortex

Answer 22

motor area- responsible for executing voluntary movements.

Question 23

broca”s a = a

brocas area

Answer 23

association area- crucial for speech and articulation

speak but stilled and broken up

Question 24

5 sense

The parietal lobe

Answer 24

receives and processes sensory information from the skin and body parts such as arms, hands, legs, feet, lip, tongue and so on - pain temp other sensations

Question 25

occipital lobe

Answer 25

processes visual information, the association area organises and integrates it with other information, such as details from memory.

Question 26

# au -> reconising temporal lobe

Answer 26

processing auditory information and plays an important role in memory including our visual memory in ability to identify objects and recognise faces, and our expression of appropriate emotional responses

Question 27

# comp Wernicke’s area

Answer 27

responsible for language comprehension, both written and spoken. tone but content of speah wont make snese

Question 28

the neuron

Question 29

neuroplasticity

Answer 29

is the ability of the brain to change its structure or function in response to experience or environmental situation

Question 30

# s and s synapse

Answer 30

facilitates the transmission of signals

Question 31

developmental plasticity

Answer 31

is the changes in the brain to change in response to experiences or environmental stimulations. synaptogenesis and myelination and synaptic pruning

Question 32

adaptive plasticity

Answer 32

is the brains ability to restore adequate neural functioning over time after sustaining injury

Question 33

Neurons

Answer 33

Neurons enable the communication of information around the body and they do this by receiving, transmitting, and processing information

Question 34

Brain trauma:

Answer 34

Damage to the brain that is caused by an external force.

Question 35

Brain injury

Answer 35

 refers to any brain damage that impairs, or interferes with, the normal functioning of the brain, either temporarily or permanently.

Question 36

aphasia

Question 37

# ui or li synaptic pruning

Answer 37

use it or lose it- 15-16: the process of eliminating underused synaptic connections

Question 38

synaptogenesis

Answer 38

0-2 : It is the formation of new synapses between neurons as axon terminals and dendrites grow

Question 39

myelination

Answer 39

speed up neuron connection: formation and development of myelin around the axon of a neuron

Question 40

sprouting

Answer 40

is the ability of a neuron to develop new branches on the dendrites or axons.

Question 41

rerouting

Answer 41

is the neurons ability to form new connections with another undamaged neuron.

Question 42

three stages in developmental plasticity

Answer 42

sprouting, myelination, synaptic pruning

Question 43

two stages in adaptive plasticity

Answer 43

sprouting and rerouting

Question 44

dendrites

Answer 44

receives info from other neurons and transmits to the soma.

Question 45

soma

Answer 45

combines info received from the dendrites

Question 46

axon

Answer 46

transmits info from the soma towards other neuron cells

Question 47

myelin sheath

Answer 47

is a fatty protective layer that speeds up messages.

Question 48

CNS function

Answer 48

Receives information from the PNS, Processes the information and Coordinates a response.

Question 49

PNS

Answer 49

Carries sensory information to the CNS from the body’s muscles, organs and glands (internal) and from the sensory organs (external). Carries motor information from the CNS to the body’s muscles, organs and glands.

Question 50

somatic vs autonomic nervous system

Answer 50

The somatic nervous system controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles, while the autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary functions like heartbeat, digestion, and breathing

Question 51

parasympathetic ns

Question 52

Traumatic brain injury

Answer 52

damage to the brain from and external force - falls assault accidents, sports

Question 53

non Traumatic brain injury

Answer 53

damage to the brain caused by internal factors such as lack of oxygen or tumor-

Question 54

Contemporary research

Answer 54

Contemporary research helps test theories, develop better treatments, and build evidence-based knowledge. Though studies often need replication, they guide future research and improve understanding. Conditions, such as Parkinson’s and epilepsy, have been documented and studied throughout history.  Epilepsy was originally considered to be the manifestation of a spirit possessing someone’s body Parkinson’s disease was classified by its symptoms, with little understanding of the mechanisms that caused its development

Question 55

Neurological disorders

Answer 55

are diseases characterised by any damage to or malfunctioning of the nervous system.

Question 56

Parkinson’s disease

Answer 56

is a progressive disease of the nervous system characterised by both motor and non-motor symptoms

Question 57

epilepsy

Answer 57

is a neurological disorder that is associated with abnormal electrical activity in the brain and is categorised by recurrent seizures.

Question 58

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE)

Answer 58

is a progressive and fatal brain disease associated with repeated head injuries and concussions.

Question 59

cte symptoms

Answer 59

memory loss depression difficulties with attention and concentration disturbances in behaviour anxiety and paranoia mood impairments,

Question 60

neurofibrillary tangles

Answer 60

the protein tau forms neurofibrillary tangles, which are insoluble tangles within neurons, which then inhibit the transportation of essential substances and eventually kill the neuron entirely.

Question 61

CTE diagnosis

Answer 61

CTE can only be made through a post-mortem examination- It's done to find out how and why a person died

Question 62

CT

Question 63

MRI

Question 64

PET

Question 65

FMR