Psychology Of Pain Flashcards
What is the repercussion of operant graded activity conditioning?
Reduces vigilance fear of movement via positive reinforcement, gradual steps to start activity again.
How does psychological arousal (stress) affect physical findings
Stress can influence physiological systems such as heart beat respiration and muscle tension.
What is hypervigilance ?
An automatic state of hyper sensitivity when the individual has a high threat value from pain. Concern is to escape and avoid pain. Can be controlled but not optimal and not without cost.
Catatrophizing is?
Exaggerated negative orientation towards actual or anti cipated pain experience.
What does Catatrophizing cause?
Higher pain intensity, worrying about pain, feelings of helplessness and difficulties to direct attention away from pain (difficulties concentrating).
What is kinsiophobia ?
Fear of movement or re injury due to believing pain is a signal of impeding injury during movement.
What is the fear avoidance model of pain?
Injury = pain experience
Pain experience = pain cat = fear = hypervigilance = disuse, depression, disability and goes back to pain experience.
Pain experience = no fear = confrontation = recovery
Why do older people have better pain related outcomes?
- Life satisfaction increased with age
- Catatrophizing, depression, pain intensity and pain interference decreased with age
Chronic pain is more expected and more accepted experience thus Catatrophizing less.
Reasons for race in pain related outcomes? What were the results?
African Americans had higher pain
Lower literacy levels, higher life satisfaction,
Numerous pain coping strategies may be related to cognitive skills which are enhanced by higher education.
Social economic status and gender on pain results?
Lower ses and female genders have been associated with higher pain sensitivity and negative affectivity in comparison to males.
What is the relationship between pain depression and anxiety,
Depressive and anxiety disorders associated with worse pain severity at all times and higher number of pain locations
Downward spiral of depression or anxiety increasing pain perception and pain leading to more depression and anxiety.
Even when depression gone etc may be likely they keep reporting more pain than someone who never had it.
Sustained muscle contraction does?
Is accompanied by reduction in oxygen and a hypersensitivity of the receptors which may increase pain. Pain may exist after tension is released.
