psychology paper 1 social psychology Flashcards
(32 cards)
what is a social psychology
the study of the influence of PHYSICAL or IMAGINED presence of others
what is a social group
a group of people who interact and share a identity
(e.g. ‘athletes’ and ‘band nerds’)
social roles
specific unwritten expectations within a social group
identification
three types of conformity
identification
internalisation
compliance
how do we measure the 3 types of conformity against eachother
the strength of the conformity
-how long it lasts
why did zimbardo create the prison experiment
-to help understand why people do bad things: e.g. the holocaust
zimbardos prison experiment aim
investigate if prison brutality is caused by conforming to social roles or due to personality
evaluation of zimbardo prison experiment
what are evaluations of the evaluation
what are evaluations of these evaluations
unethical:
-protection from harm and informed consent / he wasnt awareness
generalisability:
all middle class white men
ecological validity:
fake situation / participants believed it was real as 95% of conversations were about prison life
investigator effects:
prison warden in his own experiment
how long did the study last?
how many participants were there?
why did a prisoner leave the study?
what type of conformity was shown?
-6 days after gf stepped in
-21 pp
-hysterical crying
-identification
situational variables affecting conformity
group size
unanimity:
-everyone agrees on one answer
task difficulty:
dispositional variables
personal traits meaning you wont conform
what are the two explanations for conformity
normative social influence
informational social influence
what are evaluations of nsi and isi
nsi:
+explains complaince
- dosent explain conformity when social pressure is low
isi:
+explains conformity with low social pressure
- dosent explain compliance
explain jenness’ study
study of informational social influence(internalisation)
TESTED GROUPS IMPACT ON JUDGEMENT
-participants were asked to estimate the number of jelly beans in a jar alone, then again in a group, the a final time alone
-found final private estimate to be much closer to group guess
-to ensure they were all trying to give the correct answer, he offered a reward for closest guess
evaluations of jenness study
- could have been normative social influence as other group members thought they might find out
ecological validity:
- situation was ambiguous(no definite answer)
explain asch’s study
what other explanations for conformity did Asch study
123 harvard students
groups of 8, 7 confederates each (18 trials per group)
- control group error rate of 0.4%
- control group conformed 36.8% of the time out of 18 trials
- 3/4 conformed atleast once
task difficulty
unanimity : dropped by over 30%
group size : more than three confederates did not affect conformity
evaluations of Asch’s study
responses to asch’s study
ecological validaty:
may not explain everyday behaviour
/ necessary to control extraneous variables and establish cause and effect
demand characteristics:
may have been conforming knowing pps were wrong
/
post study interviews confirmed isi
replicable:
controlled experiment
36.8% conformity rate means people did not fully conform
what is a suituational variable
changes with the external environment
obedience
following direct orders of authority
situational variables for obedience
uniform
proximity of af
proximity of victim
location
explanations of obedience
who argued them
legitimacy of authority ; milgram:
- social hierarchies
authoritarian personality ; adorno
- personality from strict parents
moral strain
autonomous state
when your conflicted between obeying and disobeying
when you are responsible for actions
how do you measure authoritarian personality
f-scale
high = ap
low = no ap
