Psychology/Schizophrenia Flashcards
(49 cards)
What do Typical Antipsychotics do?
Bind but don’t stimulate receptors
What do Atypical Antipsychotics do?
Block dopamine and serotonin receptors
What are 3 evaluation point for Typical Antipsychotics?
- Unethical
- They work - Laucht
- Extrapyramidal side effects
What are some key advantages of Atypical Antipsychotics
- Patients more likely to use them
- More suitable for patients
- Fewer side affects - particularly extrapyramidal symptoms
- Possible affects include: Weight gain/ diabetes/ blood clots/ strokes
What did Laucht do with Typical Antipsychotics?
He did meta analysis of 65 studies. There were 6000 patients and some were taken off medication and given harmless placebo. 12 months later 64% in placebo condition relapsed and only 27% in treatment condition
Are Atypical Antipsychotics better than Typical Antipsychotics?
Crossley did meta analysis on 15 studies. he found there was no difference in efficiency however Signiant difference in symptoms
What is a general evaluation of the two drugs?
-Side effects of both
-Temporary treatment
-Schooler found that there was a 75% report of symptom reduction however relapse rates as high as 55%
What is the process of CBT?
Assessment
Normalisation
Critical analysis
How many sessions of CBT do most people acquire?
8-20 spread over 6-12 months
What did Sensky et al do in terms of CBT?
His aim was to compare CBT with non-specific befriending interventions for patients with Sz. He carried out a randomized controlled design where patients were allocated to two groups; A cognitive behavioural therapy group and a non-specific befriending group. Both interventions were delivered by two experienced nurses who received regular supervision. Patients were assessed by blind raters. In the befriending condition the Ps had the same time allocation at the same intervals as patients in the CBT condition. The therapists were empathetic and non-directive and there was no attempt at therapy.
What were the findings of Sensky et als experiment?
- Both resulted in significant reductions in positive and negative symptoms and depression.
- After treatment there was no significant difference between conditions
- After the nine month assessment, it was found that the cognitive behavioural therapy was more effective and showed greater improvement in all elements
What is the conclusion of Sensky et al in the essence of CBT?
- CBT is effective in treating negative as well as positive symptoms in Sz patients resistant to standard antipsychotic drugs
- Its efficiency was sustained for at least 9 months - effective in teaching patients to cope with symptoms
Evaluation of CBT
+ improves symptoms, recovery and relapse dates
+ No side effects
+ Puts Ps in charge of their own treatment by teaching self help strategies
- Not very rational to teach participants to look at life through a rose glass
- Expensive and time consuming
What is the diathesis stress model?
The DS model sees Sz as an interaction between biology and psychology
What does the discordance rate between MZ twins indicate?
That Stress has to play a factor as genetics cant be the only explanation
What is a neural cause of Sz?
Brain damage from birth or pregnancy
What is the double bind theory?
Bateson believed that Sz is a consequence of abnormal patterns in family communication. In a double bind situation a person is given mutually contradictory signals by another person. this places them in an impossible situation causing internal conflict.
What did Read do?
He reviewed 42 studies and concluded that 69% of female inpatients and 59% of male inpatients had experienced sexual abuse in their childhood
What is expressed emotion?
EE is characterised by criticism, hostility, and emotional overinvolvement. communication patterns in families with high EE levels are usually filled with high levels of negative verbal exchange
What is research support for Family Therapy?
Leff compared family therapy with routine outpatient care. He found that at 9 months 50% relapse rate for those in routine care and 8% for those doing FT. After 2 years it was 75% relapse rate for those in routine care and 50% for those doing FT
Evaluation of FT
- Reduces relapse rates
- Good for younger patients
- Is it appropriate
What did Gottesman experiment in the biological explanations of Sz?
Gottesman did meta analysis on 40 studies that had investigated family history of Sz. He found that the more DNA that an individual shares with a patient of Sz the more likely that individual was going to develop the disorder. He found that children with Sz parents have a 46% concordance rate, children with a single Sz parent had a condordance rate of 13% and 9% if the child had a sibling with Sz
What were Tienaris findings?
He found that 6.7% of children with a Sz mother had been diagnosed themselves and 2% of adopted children with a non-Sz mother developed the disorder.
What were Gottesmans findings in Twins Studies?
Mz twins share 100% DNA and Dz twins share 50% so therefore if Mz twins have a higher concordance rate then it suggests that Genes are a significant factor of the development of Sz. Gottesman carried out a meta-analysis and reviewed 40 studies that had investigated family history of Sz. He found concordance rates of 48% for Mz twins and 14% for Dz twins.
