Psychology Self-esteem: PA for self-esteem Flashcards
Skill development and self-enhancement hypotheses?
SE (Sonstroem, 1998) - individuals tend to seek out activities in accord with their self-perceptions to demonstrate their competence
SD (Fox, 2000) - exercise participation results in increased self-esteem due to feelings of competence due to exercise
These 2 hypotheses are complimentary and probably work in parallel to influence exercise behaviour of individual
Beta-endorphins hypothesis?
Acute exercise causes release and subsequent binding of beta-endorphins to receptor sites in the brain
What did Scully et al. (1998) state (beginning of PA usefulness paragraph)
When prescribing activity for physical and psychological benefit, due caution must be taken to ensure that risk factors are not introduced that attenuate the process of exercise induced psychological health
But what may exercise do? (4)
1) may induce improvements in perceptions of competence or appearance
2) Improve sense of autonomy and control over the body
3) Develop a sense of belonging and significance - in part of team
4) Developing new core belief/bottom line
McCauley, 1994 found?
Positive link between exercise and SE - and strongest among those with LSE
However, reported association is not without criticism – for example, most studies examined global SE, which is a relatively stable construct, rather than considering domain specific esteem
Furthermore, few studies have explored changes in SE over time, with most focusing on differences between exercisers and non-exercisers at a given point in time
Fox (2000) found what?
Meta-analysis - greatest improvements in groups who have most to gain from PA and have initially LSE, body-image and self-worth
Greatest support for efficacy of CV and weight-training programmes
Focus on moderately demanding exercise and programmes at least 12 weeks with continued contact
However, argues that the very factors which cause LSE are ones stopping you wanting to exercise
