Psychology Shelf Flashcards
(191 cards)
1
Q
Antidepressants
A
Tricyclic and heterocyclins SSRI/SSNRI/MAOI
2
Q
Tricyclics and Heterocyclics
A
MOA Increase the level of monoamines in the synapse by reducing the reuptake of norepineprine and serotonin. Warning narrow therapeutic window, overdose causes fatal arrhytmias
3
Q
SSRI and SSNRI
A
Most commonly used antidepressants today. Major side effects: GI disturbances and sexual dysfunction
4
Q
MAOI
A
More helpful in depression with atypical features. Not commmonly used bc a tyramine-free diet (no red wine or aged cheese) must be followed or a hypertensive crisis can results
5
Q
Lithium (side Effects)
A
Tremor, polyuria/diabetes insipidus, acne, hypothyroidism, cardia dysrhythmias, weight gain, edema, leukocytosis. * cleared through kidney*
6
Q
Valproic acid (warning
A
Teratogenic
7
Q
1st generation antipsychotics (typical)
A
MOA: block central dopamine receptors. Most effective in reducing the positive symptoms of schizophrenia (ex. Hallucinations and delusions)
8
Q
Tricyclics and Tetracyclics (side effects)
A
Anticholinergic: dry mouth, blurry vision, urinary retention, constipation, sedation, orthostatic hypotension (alpha blocaked), tachycardia, prolonged QT, weight gain. Fall risk in elederly. Half life: 6-30 h.
9
Q
Amitriptyline
A
Tertiary amine. Highly anticholinergic, very sedating. Half life 20 h
10
Q
Doxepin
A
Tertiary amine. Highly anticholinergic, very sedating. Half life 16 h
11
Q
imipramine
A
tertiary amine. Highly anticholinergic. Half life 20 h
12
Q
Clomipramine
A
Tertiary amine. Anticholinergic, sedating, OCD responds well, useful in patients with depression w/marked obsessive features. Half life 21 h
13
Q
Trimipramine
A
tertiary amine. Highly anticholinergic, very sedating. Half life 22 h
14
Q
Desipramine
A
secondary amine. Least anticholinergic, not sedating. Half life 24 h
15
Q
Nortriptyline
A
secondary amine less anticholinergic, half life 12 h
16
Q
Protriptyline
A
secondary amine less anticholinergic, not sedating. half life 6 h
17
Q
Amoxapine
A
tetracyclic. May cause EPS and NMS. (metabolite of loxapine). Less anticholinergic. Half life 30 h
18
Q
SSRI and SSNRI (side effects)
A
Agitation, akathisia, anxiety, panic, insomnia, diarrhea, GI distress, headache, sexual dysfunction. To avoid fata serotonin syndrome no SSRI or SSNRI should be combined with a MAOI and an SSRI should be stopped at least 5 weeks before starting an MAOI
19
Q
Fluoxetine
A
SSRI. Used in OCD. Half life 1-3 days
20
Q
Sertraline
A
SSRI, causes diarrhea more than others. Used in OCD. Half life 25 h
21
Q
Paroxetine
A
SSRI. Mildly anticholinergic. Used in treatment of OCD. Half life 24 h
22
Q
Fluvoxamine
A
SSRI. Naused and vomiting more common. Used in OCD. Half life 15 h
23
Q
Citalopram
A
SSRI. Possibly fewer sexual side effects. Half life 35 h
24
Q
Escitalopram
A
SSRI. Half life 27- 30 h
25
Venlafaxine
SE: anxiety, may increase BP at highter dose, headache, insomnia, sweating. SNRI, used to treat GAD and social anxiety. Half life 3.5 h. active metabolite 9 h
26
Duloxetine
SSNRI. Used to treat GAD and painful diabetic neuropathy. Half life 12 h
27
Phenelzine
SE: orthostatic hypotension, somnolense, weight gain. Half life 4-5 h. MAOI
28
Isocarboxazid
MAOI. Orthostatic hypotension, somnolence, weight gain. Half life 2.5 h
29
Selegiline
MAOI. Orthostatic hypotension, weight gain somnolence, irritation at patch site. Transdermal delivered, treats depression and parkinsonism. Half life of 2 h
30
Tranylcypromine
MAOI. Orthostatic hypotension, somnolence, weight gain. Half life 2-3 h
31
Nefazodone
MOA: Serotonin-2 antagonist and serotonin reuptake inhibitor. SE: sedation hepatotoxicity. Less sexual dysfunction. Half life 2 - 4 h.
32
Trazodone
MOA: Serotonin-2 antagonist and serotonin reuptake inhibitor. SE: priapism, orthostatic hypotension, sedation. Sleep problems at lower doses
33
Mirtazapine
MOA: noradrenergic and specific serotonin antagonist. SE: weight gain, sedation. No sexual dysfunction, nausea or diarrhea. Half life of 20-40 h
34
Buproprion
MOA: norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitor. SE: nausea, anorexia, risk of seizures at higher doses, less sexual dysfunction. Used for smoking cessation. Half life 14 h.
35
Lithium
MOA: inhibits adenylate cyclase enzyme. SE: nause, tremor, hypothyroidism, dysrhythmias, diarrhea, diabetes insipidus. At toxic levels significant alterations in consciousness, seizures coma and death.
36
Valproic acid, valproate
MOA: opens chloride channels. SE: thrombocytopenia, weight gain, pancreatitis, hair loss, GI distress, cognitive dulling, neural tube defects in pregnancy
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Divalproex sodium
MOA: opens chloride channels. SE: thrombocytopenia, pancreatitis, weight gain, hair loss GI distress, cognitive dulling, neural tube defects in pregnancy
38
Carbamazepine
MOA: inhibits kindling, inhibits reptitive firing action potentials by inactivating sodium channels. SE: agranulocytosis, nausea, vomiting, slurred speech, dizziness, drowsiness, high liver function tests, congitive slowing, may cause craniofacial defects in newborn. Potent inducer of P450
39
Lamotrigine
May have acute antidepressant effect. Dose may be increased slowly to avoid rash. SE: leukopenia, rash, hepatic failure, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, somnolence, dizziness
40
Gabapentin
SE: somnolence, dizziness, ataxia, fatigue, leukopenia, weight gain. No drug interactions. Rash can be fatal.
41
Topiramate
SE: psychomoto slowing, memory problems, fatique. Many drug-drug interactions
42
Chlorpromazine
1st generation antipsychotic. Potency=low. Sedation and orthostatic hypotension are very common
43
Haloperidol
1st generation antipsychotic. Potency=high. EPS very common: available in long acting intramuscular depot
44
Thioridazine
1st generation antipsychotic. Potency low. Higher incidence of cardia disturbances, retinitis pigmentosum
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Mesoridazine
1st generation antipsychotic. Potency low. Torsades de pointes
46
Molindone
1st generation antipsychotic. Potency medium
47
Fluphenazine
1st generation antipsychotic. Potency high. Available in a long acting intramuscular depot
48
Trifluoperazine
1st generation antipsychotic. High potency.
49
Thiothixene
1st generation antipsychotic. High potency.
50
Perphenazine
1st generation antipsychotic. High potency.
51
Loxapine
1st generation antipsychotic. Medium potency.
52
Pimozide
1st generation antipsychotic. High potency.
53
Aripiprazole
MOA: partial agonist ast dopamine and serotonin-1A recptors and antagonist at postsynaptic serotonin-2A receptors. SE: heatahe, nausea, anxiety, insomnia, somnolnce. 2nd generation antipsychotic
54
Ziprasidone
MOA: serotonin-dopamine antagonist. SE: dose-related QT prolongation, postural hypotension, sedation. Present in breast milk. 2nd generation antipsychotic
55
Quetiapine
MOA: serotonin-dopamine antagonist. SE: orthostatic hypotension, transient Increase in weight, somnolence. Risk of developing cataracts. 2nd generation antypsychotic
56
Olanzapine
MOA: serontonin-dopamine antagonist. SE: Inc. prolactin, orthostatic hypotension, anticholinergic side effects, weight gain, somnolence. 2nd generation antipsychotic
57
Risperidone
MOA: serontonin-dopamine antagonist. SE: extrapyramidal withdrawal syndrome in high doses, postural hypotension, increased prolactin, weight gain, sedation, decrease concentration. Present in breast milk. 2nd generation antipsychotic
58
Clozapine
MOA: serotonin-dopamine antagonist. SE: agranulocytosis, anticholinergic side effects, weight gain, sedation, neuroleptic malignant syndrome. 2nd generation antipsychotic
59
Buspirone
Indication: GAD. SE: headache, GI distress, dizziness. Do not use with MAOI
60
Zolpidem
Indication: Insomnia. SE: headache, drowsiness, dizziness, nausea, diarrhea. Inc. effect with alcohol or SSRI
61
Zaleplon
Indication: Insomnia. SE: headache, peripheral edema, amnesia, dizziness, rash, nausea, tremor
62
Ramelteon
Indication: Insomnia. SE: headache, galactorrhea. Melatonin receptor agonist, no affinity for GABA receptor complex
63
Eszopilone
Indication: Insomnia. SE: anxiety, dec. sexual desire, dry mouth, unpleasant taste. Stopping this drug suddenly can cause anxiety, unusual dreams, stomach and muscle cramps, nausea, vomiting, sweating and shakiness
64
Dextroamphetamine and Amphetamine
Stimulant. Treats ADHD. SE: nervousness, restlessness + difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep. May slow kids growth/weight gain; may be addictive
65
Modafinil
Stimulant. Treats Narcolepsy, excessive daytime sleepiness. SE: dizziness, insomnia, diarrhea. Increase release of monoamines and increase hypothalamic histamine levels
66
Dextroamphetamine
Stimulant. Treats ADHD and Narcolepsy. SE: nervousness, restlessness, and difficulty falling/staying asleep. May be addictive
67
Methylphenidate
Stimulant. Treats ADHE and Narcolepsy. SE: nervousness, restlessness, difficulty falling/staying asleep
68
Alloplastic Defenses
Defenses used by patients who react to stress by attempting to change the external environment by threatening or manipulating others
69
Autoplastic Defenses
Defenses used by patients who react to stress by changing their internal psychological process
70
Ego-Dystonic
Describes a character deficit perceived by a patient as objectionable, distressing, or inconsistent to the selft
71
Ego-Syntonic
Describes a character deficit perceived by the aptient to be acceptable, unobjectable and consistent to the self. The patient tends to blame others for problems that occur
72
Schizoid
Loner. Detacher. Flat affect. Restricted emotions. Generally indifferent to interpersonal relationships outside of immediate family.
73
Schizotypal
Odd. Eccentric. Magical thinking. Paranoid. Not psychotic
74
Paranoid
Distrustful. Suspicious. Constricted affect
75
Histrionic
Excessively emotional. Attention seeking
76
Narcissistic
Self-important. Needs admiration. Dismissive of the feelings of others
77
Antisocial
Lacks empathy towars others. Acts out. Aggressive. Must have met criteria for conduct disorder as a child.
78
Borderline
Impulsive. Unstable relationships. Affective instability.
79
Obsessive-Compulsive
Perfectionist. Control Freak. Hyperfocused on orderliness
80
Avoidant
Hypersensitive to criticism. Socially uncomfortable. Seeks out interpersonal relationships but with great discomfort.
81
Dependent
Submissive. Clingy. Needs to be taken care of. Seeks others to make decisions for him/her.
82
Tx of PCP intoxication
Room with minimal stimulation. Benzodiazepines are preffered as 1st line in nonpsychotic pts. to treat muscle spasms, seizures and sedation. Antipsychotic may be necessary-haloperidol or 2nd gen. antipsychotic
83
Tx for Generalized Anxiety Disorder
SSRI, SNRI, buspirone and benzodiazepines. Cognitive behavioral therapy. Psychodynamic psychotherapy
84
Tx of Bipolar Disorder
Mood stabilizers: Lithium and Valproic Acid - 1st line. 2nd line-Carbamazepine or oxcarbamazepine. Lamotrigine if presenting with depression. Long term use of antidepressants in bipolar is not recommended b/c they precipitate shifts in polarity.
85
Clomipramine
Serotonin and dopamine inhibitor in the class of tricyclic and tetracylic agents. Used for OCD. SE: sedation, anticholinergic effects, at toxic levels causes cardiac dysrhythmias
86
PANDAS
Pediatric autoimmunie neuropsychiatric disorders associated with strep infection. Includes OCD, Tourette's, and TIC discorder
87
Tx of OCD
Cognitive behavioral therapy-exposure/response prevention. SSRIs. Clomipramine. SSRIs include fluoxetine, sertraline, fluvoxamine
88
Delirium Tremens
Disorientation, fluctuations in level of consciousness, elevated vital signs, and tremors as a result of abrupt redution or cessation of alcohol use after prolonged alcohol use.
89
Korsakoff Syndrome
Anterograde and retrograde amnesia w/confabulation that develops after chronic alcohol use. Usually irreversible. Also caused by thiamine deficiency.
90
Wernicke Encephalopathy
Acute, usually reversible. Results from thiamine deficiency. Triad of delirium, ataxia, and ophthalmoplegia (usually CN6)
91
Disulfuram
Blocks acetaldehyde dehydrogenase. Treats alcohol dependence.
92
Naltrexonea
Opioid antagonist believed to reduce craving for alcohol by blocking the dopaminergic pathways in the brain
93
Tx of Major Depression w/Psychotic Symptoms
SSRI. Atypical neuroleptic. Psychotherapy
94
Wraparound
A framework for organizing services in high-needs, mentally ill kids involving a number of core values including cultural sensitivity, strengths focus, creativity, natural supports, and team approaches
95
Post traumatic Stress Disorder
Develops after a person witnesses, experiences, or is confronted with a traumatic event. The person reacts w/feelings of helplessness, fear, and horror, and has ongoing symptoms of reexperiencing, avoidance of reminders, and symptoms of increased arousal.
96
Tx of PTSD
SSRI(sertraline,paroxetine). SNRI. Tricyclics and MAOIs. α-1 antagonists. Atypical antipsychotics. CBT
97
Tx of Dysthymic Disorder
SSRIs. SNRIs. Bupropion. TCAs. MAOIs. Psychotherapy
98
Agnosia
Failure to recognize or identify objects despite intact sensory function.
99
Aphasia
Language impairment
100
Apraxia
Impaired ability to carry out motor activities despite intact motor function.
101
Executive Functioning
Planning. Organizing. Sequencing. Abstracting.
102
Formication
A hallucinated sensation that insects or snakes are crawling over the skin. It is a common side effect of extensive use of cocaine or amphetamines
103
Tx of ADHD
Stimulant meds-causes of tics. Atomoxetine: selective inhibitor of presynaptic norepinephrine transporter-effective alternative to stiumlants in controlling ADHD-does not cause tics
104
Tx of Bulimia Nervosa
CBT. Nutritional rehab. SSRI.
105
Symptoms of Opiate Intoxication
Apathy. Psychomotor retardation. Constricted pupils. Drowsiness.
106
Symptoms of Opioid Withdrawal
Sensitivity to touch and light, goose bumps, autonomic hyperactivity, GI distress, joint/muscle aches, yawning, salivation, lacrimation, urination, diarrhea, depressed/anxious mood, fever/chills, rhinorrhea, dilated pupils.
107
Tx of Adjustment Disorder
Psychotherapy!
108
Risk Factors for Attempted Suicide
Age>45. Alcohol dependence. Rage/violence. Prior suicidal behavior. Male gender
109
Risk Factors for Completed Suicide
White race. Male gender. Age>45. Single/divorced. Protestant/Jewish
110
Criteria for Factitious Disorder
Intentional production of feigning of physical or psychological signs/symptoms. The motivation is to assume the sick role. External incentives of rthe behavior are ABSENT.
111
Tx of Tourette Syndrome
Clonidine. Guanfacine.
112
Anxiolytic Drug Withdrawl Symptoms
Autonomic hyperativity. Hand tremor. Insomnia. Nausea. Halluncinations. Agitation. Anxiety. Seizures.
113
Flumazenil
Benzodiazepine receptor antagonist
114
Typical Antipsychotics
Chlorpromazine. Thioridazine. Haloperidol. Fluphenazine. Thiothixine. Trifluoperazine. Perphenazine. Pimozide.
115
Low Potency Typical Antipsychotics
Chlorpromazine-retinal deposits. Thioridazine-corneal deposits. Less EPS. Strong anti-HAM effects -H1 antagonist -α1 antagonist - antiMuscarinic effects
116
High Potency Typical Antipsychotics
Haloperidol-also tx for Tourette's and Huntington. Pimozide-prolonged QT. Fluphenazine. Thiothixine. Trifluoperazine. Perphenazine.
117
Atypical Antipsychotics
Clozapine. Risperidol. Olanzepine. Quetiapine. Ziprazidone. Zotepine. Ariprprazole. Amisulpride.
118
Clozapine
No EPS effects. AGRANULOCYTOSIS. Seizures
119
Risperdol
Most EPS. Hyperprolactinemia
120
Olanzepine
No hyperprolactinemia
121
Quetiapine
CATARACTS. Can treat mania. Helps insomnia-causes sedation.
122
Ziprazidone
QT prolongation. No Weight Gain.
123
Neuroimagin for Panic Disorder
decreased volume of amydala
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Neuroimaging for PTSD
decreased hippocampal volume
125
Neuoimaging for schizophrenia
Enlarged cerebral ventricles
126
Symptoms of Amphetamine Intoxication
Change in HR, dilated pupils, change in BP, perspiration, chills, N/V, weight loss, muscular weakness, respiratory depression, chest pain, arrhythmias, confusion, seizures, dyskinesia, dystonia, coma
127
Symptoms of amphetamine withdrawal
anxiety, tremors, lethargy, fatigue, nightmares, headaches, extreme hunger
128
Acting out
expressing unaccepatble feelings and thoughts through actions. Ex. Tantrums
129
Dissociation
temporary, drastic change in personality, memory, consciouness or motor behavior to avoid emotional stress
130
Projection
attributig an unacceptable internal impulse to an external source
131
Rationalization
proclaiming logical reasons for actions actually performed for other reasons, usually to avoid self blame
132
Reaction Formation
replacing a warded of idea or feeling by an emphasis on its opposite
133
splitting
believing that perople are either all good or bad at different times due to intoleranace of ambiguity. Commonly seein in BPD
134
TCA's
imipramine- also tx for enuresis. Amitriptyline less alpha blocade. Nortriptyline. Desipramine. Doxepine. Clomipramine- Tx for OCD. Maprotiline
135
SSRIs
Fluoxetine- safe in preg. Only one indicated in kids. Sertraline. Paroxetine. Escitalopram. Fluvoxamine. Citalopram
136
Neuroimagin for autism
Increased total brain volume
137
Neuroimagin for OCD
abnormalities in orbitofrontal cortex and striatum
138
Aripiprazole
decreased in weight gain, hyperprolactinemia
139
TCA adverse effects
3cs convulsions, coma, cardia arrhytmias- wide QRS, prolonged pr, prolonged QT. Anti-ham. Weight gain
140
Conduct disorder
reptitive and pervasive behavior violating the basic rights of others
141
Oppositional defiant disorder
enduring pattern of hostile defiant behavior towards authority figures in the absence of serious violations of soial norms
142
Alzheimer (NT change)
decrease in acetylcholine
143
Anxiety (NT change(
increased norepinephrine, decreased serotonin, decreased GABA
144
Depression (NT change)
decreased norepinephine, decreased serotonin, decreased dopamine
145
Huntington Disease (NT change
Increased dopamine, decreased acetylcholine, decreased GABA
146
Parkinson (NT change)
decreased dopamine, increased serotonin, increased acetylcholine
147
Schizophrenia (NT change)
increased dopamine
148
Alcohol intoxication
emotional lability, slurred speech, ataxia, coma, blackouts. GGT sensative indicator of alcohol use. Lab AST 2X>ALT
149
Alcohol withdrawal
autonomic hyperactivity, delirium tremens. Tx for DTS: benozodiazepines
150
Opioid Intoxication
euphoria, resp and CNS depression, decreased gag reflex pupillary constriction, seizures. Tx: naloxone, naltrexone
151
Opioid withdrawal
sweating, dilated pupils, piloerection, fever, rhinorrhea, yawning, nausea, crams, diarrhea. Tx: long term support, methadone, buprenorphine
152
Barbiturates Intoxication
low safety margin, marked respiratory depression. Tx: symptoms management
153
Barbiturate withdrawal
delirium, cardiovascular collapse
154
Benzodiazepines Intoxication
greater safety margin, ataxia, minor respiratory depression. Tx: supportive, flumazenil
155
Benzodiazepine withdrawal
sleep disturbance, depression, rebound anxiety, seizure
156
Cocaine intoxication
impaired judgment, pupillary dilation, hallucinations, paranoid ideations, angina, sudden cardiac death. Tx: benzodiazepines
157
Cocaine withdrawal
hypersomnolence, malaise, severe psychological craving, depression/suicidality
158
PCP intoxication
belligerence, impulsiveness, fever, psychomotor agitation, analgesia, nystagmus, tachycardia, homicidality, psychosis, delirium, seizures. Tx: benzodiazepines, rapid-acting antipsychotic
159
PCP withdrawal
depression, anxiety, irritability, restlessness, anergia, disturbances of thought and sleep
160
LSD Intoxication
perceptual distortion, depersonalization, anxiety, paranoia, psychosis, possible flashbacks
161
ADHD Tx:
methyphenidate
162
Alcohol withdrawal tx
benzodiazepines
163
Anxiety Tx
SSRI, SNRI, buspirone
164
Bipolar disorder tx
lithium, valproic acid, carbamazepine, atypical antipsychotics
165
Bulimia Tx:
SSRI
166
Depression Tx:
SSRI, SNRI, TCA, buproprion, mirtazapine
167
OCD tx
SSRI, clomipramine
168
Panic disorder Tx
SSRI, venlafaxine, benzodiazepine
169
PTSD TX
SSRI
170
Schizophrenia Tx
Antipsychotic
171
Social Phobia Tx
SSRI, betablocker
172
Tourette Syndrome Tx
Antipsychotics
173
Norepi
increased in anxiety, decreased depression
174
Dopamine
Increased in huntington, decreased in parkinson, decreased in depression
175
Serotonin
increased in Parkinson, decreased in anxiety, decreased in depression
176
Acetylcholine
increased in parkinson, decreased in alzheimer, decreased in huntington
177
GABA
decreased in anxiety, decreased in huntington
178
Drugs that decrease REM
Alcohol, benzo, barbiturates, norephinephrine
179
Bedwetting Tx
desmopressin, Imipramine
180
Tx for night terrors and sleepwalking
Benzodiazepines
181
Parkinson Disease
Associated w/Lewy bodies and loss of dopaminergic neurons of substantia nigra pars compacta. Resting/pill rolling tremor cogwheel rigidity, akinesia, postural instability, shuffling gait
182
Huntington Disease
expansion of CAG repeasts. Characterized by choreiform movements, aggression, depression and dementia. Decreased in GABA and Ach in the brain. Neuronal death via NMDA-R binding and glutamate toxicity. Atrophy of caudate nuclei present on imaging
183
Dorsal Column
ascending. Pressure, vibration, touch, propriocetion
184
Anterior spinothalamic Tract
crude touch and pressure. Ascending
185
Lateral spinothalamic tract
pain and temperature. Ascending
186
Lateral corticospinal tract
voluntary motion. Descending
187
Anterior corticospinal tract
voluntary motion. Descending
188
Alzheimer disease
Most common cause in elderly. Increased risk in Down syndrome pts. Widespread cortical atrophy. Narrowing of gyri and widening of sulci. Decreased in Ach. Beta amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles
189
Frontotemporal dementia (Pick Disease)
Dementia, aphasia, change in personality, parkinsonia aspects. Spares parietal lobe and posterior 2/3 of superior temporal gyrus. Pick bodies: spherical tau protein aggregates. Frontotemporal atrophy
190
Lewy Body Dementia
initially dementia and visual hallucinations followed by parkinsonian features. Alpha synuclein defect
191
Creutzfeld jakob disease
rapidly progressive dementia with myoclonus. Spongiform cortex. Prions
