psychology term 3

Question 1

sensation

Answer 1

a sense organ that detect signals from the environment to your brain

Question 2

perception

Answer 2

ohh it makes sense.. brains interpretation and making the thing meaningful

Question 3

transduction

Answer 3

transformation of signals from the environment into neurosignals.

transformation of signals from the environment ( light, sound) to neural signals in which our brain can process it.

Question 4

sensory adaptation

Answer 4

decrease in sensory neurons decrease in the sensitivity of stimuli

Question 5

absolute threshold

Answer 5

smallest amount of stimuli needed for detecting 50% of the time.

i could barely detect the light in a dark room!

Question 6

different threshold

Answer 6

smallest difference you can detect between two stimuli.

Question 7

weber’s law

Answer 7

the difference threshold is in terms of percentage difference not amount difference .

Question 8

signal detection theory

Answer 8

a theory that describes when and how we detect signals

Question 9

false positive

Answer 9

when u say yes when actually the answer is (NO) or negative

Question 10

false negative

Answer 10

when you say NO wheb actually the answer is YES

Question 11

selective attention

Answer 11

paying attention to selective or specific things

Question 12

length of the light wave (hue)

Answer 12

Hue
determine the colour perception eg, shorter wavelenghts- blue, longer–red

Question 13

amplitude of light wave (

Answer 13

brightness , determine brightness of the color

Question 14

cornea

Answer 14

the clear, outermost layer of the eye
outer clear section of eye

Question 15

iris

Answer 15

colured part of the eye which contracts and controls the size of pupil

Question 16

pupil

Answer 16

the whole in the middle
which controls how light enters

Question 17

Lens

Answer 17

the structure that change shape to focus light to retina

Question 18

retina

Answer 18

the inner area of the eye that contains rods and cons

Question 19

cones

Answer 19

photoreceptors that detect colors

Question 20

Rods

Answer 20

photoreceptors that detect white and black vision

Question 21

fovea

Answer 21

structure located in the retina that focuses most detail.

Question 22

optic nerve

Answer 22

a nerve that carries signals from the retina to the brain

Question 23

optic chiasm

Answer 23

the place where swab or switch of the visual field

Question 24

blind spot

Answer 24

an area in the retina that there are no photoreceptors
optic nerve leaves the eye

Question 25

Area V1 primary visual cortex

Answer 25

( in the occipital lobe) the first or primary area that process the visual information

Question 26

3 types of cones

Answer 26

Blue, Red, Green enable color vision and respond to the wave length.

Question 27

colour afterimage

Answer 27

seeing opposite color after starring at something for too long

Question 28

colour opponents system

Answer 28

Blue- Yellow Black-White Red- Green the theory of the color vision is the opposing pairs

Question 29

visual receptive field

Answer 29

a specific area that the visual field that neurons respond to.

Question 30

feature detectors

Answer 30

area of the visual cortex which detect or respond to specific features. areas that detect specific features eg. edges, motion

Question 31

ventral stream

Answer 31

what pathway form the occipital to temporal lobe and it detects the WHAT is the object????

Question 32

Dorsal steam

Answer 32

WHERE is the object form occipital lobe into the parietal lobe ( detects the location and movement)

Question 33

visual form agnosia

Answer 33

inability to recognize objects by vision damage in temporal age.

Question 34

binding problems

Answer 34

how those independent bind together.

Question 35

parallel processing

Answer 35

brain ability to process multiple visual features continuously

Question 36

illusory conjunction

Answer 36

mix or combination of multiple objects incorrectly combined.

Question 37

feature- integration theory

Answer 37

the brain requires focused attention for binding the features correctly.

Question 38

perceptual constancy

Answer 38

understanding that objects remain the same in the retina even though it appears different ( shape, brighteness, size)

Question 39

gestalt perceptual grouping rules

Answer 39

simplicity, closure,continuity, proximity, common fate and similarity

Question 40

simplicity

Answer 40

brain preference for the simplest explanation

Question 41

closure

Answer 41

we group things together if they are close together

Question 42

continuty

Answer 42

we group things together if doing so allows us to see a continuous line or curve

Question 43

similarity

Answer 43

we group things together if they share a feature (color, size

Question 44

proximity

Answer 44

we group things together if they are close together

Question 45

common fate

Answer 45

things that move together are always grouped in the same group.

Question 46

feature group relationship

Answer 46

Difference between the main object (feature) and the background( ground)

Question 47

monocular depth cues

Answer 47

depth cue that requires only one eye

Question 48

linear perspective

Answer 48

if two lines are converging, they look like they are further away

Question 49

interposition

Answer 49

when one object is blocking part of other, we know that object is closer

Question 50

relative size

Answer 50

if an object looks smaller that it should be then it is farther away

Question 51

motion parallax

Answer 51

closer objects moves faster than distant object while moving

Question 52

texture gradient

Answer 52

when the object appear more detail, it is closer

Question 53

binocular depth cues

Answer 53

depth cue that requires both eyes

Question 54

binocular disparity

Answer 54

difference in image b/n the two eyes.

Question 55

apparent motion

Answer 55

awareness of movement in stationary object die to rapid change in image

Question 56

retinal disparity

Answer 56

the more difference /n the two retinal images are closer object is

Question 57

change blindeness

Answer 57

failing to notice the change in colors

Question 58

synesthesia

Answer 58

a condition of sensory stimulating leading to another sensory . eg. seeing colors when hearing music

Question 59

inattentional blindness

Answer 59

failing to see visible objects when attention is focused elsewhere.

Question 60

audition / auditory

Answer 60

waves of air pressure

Question 61

sound wave

Question 62

frequency

Answer 62

pitch- number of waves/ per unit of time.

Question 63

amplitude

Answer 63

loudness- taller bumps height of the sound

Question 64

complexity

Answer 64

( timbre)= what the sound look like.

Question 65

auditory canal

Answer 65

pinna- sound collector, a tube that carries sound from the outer eat to the eardrum

Question 66

eardrum

Answer 66

vibrates when sound hits it

Question 67

ossicles

Answer 67

the three bones, stapes, incus and malleus

Question 68

cochlea

Answer 68

snail looking, transduction which contain hair cells

Question 69

auditory cortex

Answer 69

process sound

Question 70

Area A1 auditory cortex

Answer 70

the first part of the brain that process sound is temporal lobe

Question 71

place code

Answer 71

very high pitch ( frequency) higher pitches in the cochlea are detected at the beginning and low pitches are detected at the end

Question 72

temporal codes

Answer 72

the speed of the nerve signals ,matches the frequency of low pitches sound

Question 73

conduction hearing lossw

Answer 73

when sound wave can not reach cochlea due to eardrum prob

Question 74

sensorineural hearing loss

Answer 74

when the inner is damaged can be due to loud noise, aging...

Question 75

A- delta fibres

Answer 75

fast nerve fibres that sends sharp pain signals

Question 76

C-fibres

Answer 76

slower nerve fibres, long lasting pain

Question 77

referred pain

Answer 77

pain felt in a different part of the body than where the problem is (like arm pain during a heart attack preventing orgaisms from doing a foolish thing that damage to their body

Question 78

gate control theory

Answer 78

spinal cord can block or allow pain signals

Question 79

proprioception ( kinesthetic sense)

Answer 79

the ability to sense your other body without looking touching ur mouth with ur eye closed :)

Question 80

vestibular system/ sense

Answer 80

the system in the inner ear that help with balance and movment

Question 81

olfactory

Answer 81

smell( detect chemicals in the air)

Question 82

olfactory receptor neurons

Answer 82

part of the brain that processes smell.

Question 83

pheromones

Answer 83

chemical released by the body which can affect the behavior of organisms

Question 84

menstrual synchrony

Answer 84

the idea that women's who live together have their period cycle align

Question 85

gustation

Answer 85

taste/

Question 86

5 taste buds

Answer 86

sweet- detect sugar sour- detect acids bitter- detect toxins salty- detect salty umami- detect meat

Question 87

bottom up processing

Answer 87

starting with the sensation to conception-- when u know how it looks or chrx and be able to tell

Question 88

top- buttom procession

Answer 88

from conception to sensation Using what you already know (experiences, expectations) to interpret what you see, hear, or feel.