Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Flashcards > Psychology Test > Flashcards

Psychology Test Flashcards

(93 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is the definition of psychology?

A

The scientific study of behaviours and mental processes is called psychology.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

There are 4 goals of Psychology, what are they?

A

Describe, Explain and Predict, Control/Influence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is describing?

A

Describing is describing what we see and behaviours observed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is explaining?

A

Explaining is understanding what we see and why they’re experiencing these behaviours or mental processes happening.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is Predicting?

A

Predicting is determine if it will happen again- if yes, do something.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is Control/Influence?

A

The end goal is to improve our quality of life and mental health so we should apply the knowledge to prevent unwanted behaviours to happen again.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What did Plato believe?

A

Nativism, the idea that we are born with certain kind of knowledge.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What did Aristotle believe?

A

Believed Tabularasa, we get certain knowledge through experience.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What did Rene Decartes believe?

A

believed in Dualism, the idea that the mind and body are separate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is Structuralism?

A

Based on study on basic elements of the mind.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Who is Wilhem Wundt?

A

He is the “father” of psychology and the founder of the first psychological lab.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Who is Edward Titchener?

A

a British psychologist known for introducing structuralism, he also was a student of Wundt. He used introspection (subjective observation of one’s experience- feelings, sensations, images) and believed that understanding these elements could explain more complex mental processes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What did William James introduce?

A

He introduced Functionalism- how the mind functions to adapt to environment and why, also the father of modern psych and focused on conscious activity rather than components of consciousness.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is Gestalt Psychology?

A

It’s perceiving the whole rather than analyzing parts which is opposite of structuralism, leader is Max Wertheimer.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is Psychoanalysis?

A

behaviour of the unconscious mind, thoughts, impulses and desires, theory of personality. Leader was Sigman Freud.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is Behaviourism?

A

Observable influences on behaviour (focus on what were able to see).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

John B. Watson in Behaviourism

A

observable, measurable, objective scientific behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What did B.F Skinner do?

A

Operant Conditioning- believed that humans do everything based on their environment and to avoid being punished.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is Humanistic Psychology?

A

Uniqueness, choice, growth, psychological health, free will and self actualization.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is Cognitive Psychology?

A

study of mental processes (what goes on in your head), also perception, learning, memory, thinking and language.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is Cognitive Neuroscience?

A

Study of brain functioning - attempts to understand the links between cognitive processes and brain activity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is Biopsychology (Physiological Perspective)?

A

Genetics and biological processes in the brain and other parts of the nervous system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is Evolutionary perspective?

A

How do our genes adapt to our environment- natural selection, genetics, adaptation, and evolution of behaviour and mental processes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is sociocultural perspective?

A

It is the social interactions and the cultural determinants of behaviour and mental processes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What are the 2 psychologies for sociocultural perspective?
social psychology- causes and consequences of interpersonal relationships cultural psychology- values, beliefs and traditions that are shared by a group of people.
26
What is developmental psychology?
Physical and mental attributes of aging and maturation.
27
what is Personality psychology?
Focuses on patterns and behaviours and the ways of thinking that are unique to each person.
28
What is the cerebrum?
Two cerebral hemispheres.
29
What is the use of the corpus callosum?
thick band of nerve fibres that supports communications of info
30
What is the frontal lobe?
Speech production (Broca's area) and voluntary movement (Motor Cortex) activate the frontal lobes.
31
what is the parietal lobe?
It's responsible for sensory information: touch, temperature, pain, body position.
32
What is the temporal lobe?
It's responsible for processing auditory information (hearing).
33
what is Wernicke's area in the temporal lobe?
For understanding verbal and written material and putting words into meaningful sentences. Damage: speech is fluent but incomprehensible to others.
34
What is the occipital lobe?
It processes visual (seeing) information.
35
In the occipital lobe, what is primary visual cortex?
It is for basic sensations: lights, lines, colours and textures.
36
what is visual association area?
Its meaningful perceptions- person, object, animal.
37
What is visual agnosia area?
difficulty in combing parts of an object due to damage of the area.
38
What is the cell body?
provides fuel to the neuron that all allows it to function, contains DNA that allows the brain to produce dopamine.
39
What are dendrites?
Branch like structures that receive information from other neuron.
40
What is the function of an axon?
It extends and carries information away from cell body to other neurons, muscles and glands (allows AP to travel).
41
What are axon terminals?
Bulbs located at the end of the axon's branches that store dopamine and release neurotransmitters.
42
What is the Myelin Sheath?
Fatty layer of tissue that wraps around the axon, leaves spaces in between uncovered.
43
What are these spaces in between called and their function?
Node of Ranvier and it regenerates the AP, comes from glia cells and it speeds up the conduction of neutral impulses.
44
What is the action potential (AP)?
an electrical charge gathered by dendrites and cell body, Generated by the Node of Ranvier and it travels down the axon synapse at a certain level.
45
What is a nerve impulse?
series of separate APs that take place node to node down the length of an axon.
46
What is Resting Potential?
When the neuron is not firing there is more negative inside then outside.
47
What is Depolarization?
All the positive charges enter the axon, what contributes to action potential.
48
What is Refractory Period?
when the positive charges leave the axon, the neuron can't generate other electrical signals.
49
What is a vesicle?
a small sac in cells that transports materials, stores substances, or helps in chemical reactions. it has neurotransmitters and receptors.
50
what are neurotransmitters?
chemicals that transmit information across the synapse to a receiving neuron's dendrites.
51
What are receptors?
Part of the cell membrane that receive the neurotransmitters and initiate or prevent a new electrical signal.
52
What do excitatory neurons do?
release NTs that fire the neighbouring cell.
53
What to inhibitory neurons do?
release NTs that inhibit (restrain) neighbouring cells.
54
How does synaptic transmission stop?
-Reuptake: NTs taken back into terminal. -Deactivation: enzymes destroy NT after taken by the glia cells.
55
What is Brain Plasticity?
The brain's ability to adapt to change in response to experience.
56
What's in your brain?
86-90 billion neurons and its main source of energy comes from glucose.
57
What are the 2 types of cells in your brain and what they do?
Neurons & Glia cells. they support, nurture and insulate neurons, removes debris when neurons die and they enhance neural connections.
58
What are Acetylcholine's (Ach, NT) functions and malfunctions?
Functions: Muscle, action, learning and memory. Malfunctions: Alzheimers- Ach producing neurons deteriorate.
59
What are Dopamine's (DA) functions and malfunctions?
Functions: movement, learning, attention, emotion reward Malfunctions: High levels linked to schizophrenia and low levels linked to Parkinson's disease.
60
What are Serotonin's (SN) functions and malfunctions?
Functions: mood, hunger, sleep arousal Malfunctions: low levels linked to depression (anorexia, eating disorders).
61
What are Norepinephrine's (NE) functions and malfunctions?
Functions: alertness and arousal. Malfunctions: Low levels depress mood.
62
What are Endorphins' functions and malfunctions?
Functions: Boots mood, lessens pain. Malfunctions: Artificial opiates cause brain to stop producing endorphins.
63
What are GABA's functions and malfunctions?
Functions: Inhibits the brain, stops the firing of neurons. Malfunctions: low levels linked to anxiety, low levels cause seizures.
64
what is the function of the Limbuc system (FB)?
Group of structure involved in emotional expression, motivation and memory.
65
What is the Hypothalamus (FB)?
Controls functions such as hunger, body temperature, thirst, helps control endocrine system involved in emotion (Parietal Lobe).
66
What is the Thalamus (FB)?
Relay station between cerebral cortex and lower brain centres.
67
What is the cerebellum (HB)?
Coordinates skilled movement, regulates muscle tone and posture (balance), plays a role in motor learning and probably cognition.
68
What is Pons (HB)?
Plays roll in relaying motor messages between cerebellum and motor cortex (frontal), involved in sleeping, arousal and dreaming.
69
What is the medulla (HB)?
Responsible for automatic functions: breathing, heart rate, blood pressure swallowing, coughing, vulnerable to GABA
70
What is the Reticular formation (HB)?
Arousal system, activates cerebral cortex and screens incoming information.
71
What is lateralization function?
It is specialization: LH- superior at language, mathematics, analytical (logic) RH- has expertise in facial recognition, spatial abilities, creativity (art & music), intuition
72
what is Handedness?
Preference for R or L hand- Dominant hemisphere: Applies to a side of a person's brain that produces language.
73
What are the causes of Handedness?
- Determined prenatally - Influenced by gene on X chromosome - may be influenced by envrionment
74
What are the advantages for left and right Handedness?
Advantages Rhed: Most things are made for righties Advantages Lhed: Sports, less lateralization, visualizing 3D.
75
What is the Amygdala (FB)?
Arousal and new regulation of emotion (emotional memories).
76
What is the Hippocampus (FB)
storage of new information in memory.
77
What is an Electroencephalograph (EEG)?
- detects action potential, amplifies and records electrical activity in the brain. - allows us to see where activity is occurring and if there is change in the brain.
78
What is a CAT scan?
- 3D xray that's good for tumour and locating malfunction. - Advantage: fast - Disadvantage: invasive and fuzzy pictures.
79
What is an MRI?
its a more detailed picture of the brain (better quality) and its non harmful radio frequencies.
80
What is a PET scan?
Coloured map of activity before and after, based on glucose intake and it requires a radioactive agent that's injected to determine where glucose is being used.
81
What is a functional MRI (FMRI)?
can show which areas of your brain are most active (ex: lying and telling the truth).
82
what is a magnetoencephalography?
technique for mapping brain activity by recording magnetic fields produced by electrical currents occurring naturally in the brain.
83
What is a TMS?
- methods can mimic the brain damage. - temporarily activates or deactivates neurons in the cerebral cortex. - can be combined with FMRI techniques.
84
What is diffusion tensor imaging?
Visualize white matter pathways.
85
What is Substantia Nigra in the Midbrain?
Its where dopamine is produced and its involved in control of movement.
86
What is Ventral tegmental area (VTA) in the Midbrain?
Its where dopamine is produced and its associated with mood, reward, and addiction.
87
What are the 2 major divisions of the nervous system?
Central Nervous system (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).
88
What are the 2 components in the CNS?
The brain and spinal cord.
89
What are the 2 components of the PNS?
The somatic system and autonomic system.
90
What is the Somatic Nervous System for?
- touch, temperature, pain, body position. - links spinal cord with body sense organs. - voluntary behaviour. - skin receptor (pain)
91
What is the Autonomic nervous system for and its 2 systems?
It's for serving internal organs and glans and for automatic functions such as heart rate and Blood pressure. Its 2 divisions are Sympathetic and parasympathetic system.
92
What is Parasympathetic system?
network of nerves that relaxes your body after periods of stress or danger: ex- constricts pupil and inhibits tear glands, slows heart, contracts bladder etc.
93
What is sympathetic system?
a network of nerves that helps your body activate its “fight-or-flight” response ex: increases Heart rate, breathing, emergency system, sitmulates tear glands.

Flashcards (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions