PSYCHOLOGY UNIT 2 CHAPTER 07- Research Methods Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in PSYCHOLOGY UNIT 2 CHAPTER 07- Research Methods Deck (19)
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0
Q

❓❓❓What is Central Tendency?

A
  • a description statistic that indicates the ‘central’ or ‘average’ value of a set of scores

E.g mean, median, mode

Mean- average
Median- middle score
Mode- most frequent score

1
Q

❓❓❓What is frequency distribution?

A
  • a way of organising data to show how often a value or measure occurs in a set of data
2
Q

☀️☀️☀️NORMAL DISTRIBUTION

A
  • most data collected in middle
3
Q

☀️☀️☀️POSITIVELY SKEWED DISTRIBUTION

A
  • lots of low scores (scores on left)
4
Q

☀️☀️☀️NEGATIVELY SKEWED DISTRIBUTION

A
  • lots of high scores (scores of right)
5
Q

☀️☀️☀️BIMODEL DISTRIBUTION

A
  • two scores appear equally often (two peaks/modes)
6
Q

❓❓❓What is a range?

A
  • the difference between the highest and the lowest scores
7
Q

❓❓❓What is the variance?

A
  • represents the spread of scores around the mean
8
Q

❓❓❓What is standard deviation?

A
  • summarises how far, on average, the score differs from the mean in the same units of measurement- higher standard deviation means more variance
9
Q

❓❓❓What are Participant Varibales?

A
  • individual characteristics that participants bring with them to an experiment

E.g. Emotional state, self esteem, health

10
Q

❓❓❓What are Situational Variables?

A
  • Variables associated with the experimental situation itself that many affect the results of an experiment

E.g. Uncomfortable seat, hot/cold room, venue

11
Q

❓❓❓What are Experimenter Variables?

A
  • variables associated with the personality characteristics of the experimenter of the experimenter’s behaviour during the experiment which may affect the results of an experiment

E.g personal issues, health, experimenter being tires, expectations about the research

12
Q

☀️☀️☀️CORRELATION STUDY

A
  • used to investigate the relationship between two or more variables

E.g is there a relationship between air temperature and violent crimes?

  • the likelihood

E.g. Air temperature doesn’t cause crimes, it only increases the likelihood

13
Q

☀️☀️☀️NEGATIVE CORRELATION

A
  • as values of one variable increase, the values of the second variable decrease

E.g. As babies are held MORE they tend to cry LESS
OR as babies are held LESS they tend to cry MORE

FURTHER FROM THE LINE = LESS CORRELATION

14
Q

☀️☀️☀️POSITIVE CORRELATION

A
  • as the values of one variable increases, the values of the second variable also increase

E.g. As education increases, so does income

CLOSER TO THE LINE = MORE CORRELATION

15
Q

❓❓❓What is Validity?

A
  • the extent to which a concept, conclusion or measurement is well-founded and corresponds accurately to the real world
16
Q

❓❓❓What is Internal Validity?

A
  • Refers to the design of research and procedures used to conduct the study

E.g. Has the hypothesis been tested in a ‘convincing’ way?

17
Q

❓❓❓What is External Validity?

A
  • means the conclusions can be generalised to the population from which the sample used in the study was drawn

E.g. Small sample of participants

18
Q

❓❓❓What is Reliability?

A
  • refers to the consistency and stability of the results obtained from a research study
  • results are the same every time