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Psychology > Psychopathology : Mental Disorders > Flashcards

Psychopathology : Mental Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Phobias - what’s a phobia?

A

persistent irrational fear of a specitic situation, object or activity which is consequenty either strenuously avoided or endured with marked distress

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2
Q

Phobias - DSM-5

A

Diagnostic Statistical Manual (5th version) published by the American Pouchiatric Association (APA)

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3
Q

Phobias - ICD-11

A

International Statistical Classification of Diseases (11th version) published by the World Health Organisation (WHO)

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4
Q

Phobias - 3 catagories of phobias recognised by DSM-5

A

Specific phobia, social phobia, agoraphobia

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5
Q

Phobias - specific phobia

A

phobia of an object, such as an animal or body part, or a situation

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6
Q

Phobias - social phobia

A

phobia of a social situation

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7
Q

Phobias - Agoraphobia major depressive disorder

A

phobia of being outside or in a public place

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8
Q

Phobias - diagnostic criteria for phobias

A

> 6 months of intensity, distress (emotional, behavioural, cognitive)

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9
Q

Phobias - emotional symptoms associated with phobias

A

Anxiety, fear, unreasonable thoughts/ actions

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10
Q

Phobias - Anxiety

A

phobias involve the emotional response of anxiety (high arousal)

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11
Q

Phobias - fear

A

immediate and unpleasant response when you encounter or think about a phobic stimulus

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12
Q

Phobias - unreasonable thoughts/ actions

A

disproportionate to any threat posed

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13
Q

Phobias - behavioural symptoms associated with phobias

A

Panic, avoidance, endurance

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14
Q

Phobias - panic

A

shortness of breath, shaking, high heart rate

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15
Q

Phobias - avoidance

A

effort to avoid the phobic stimulus (affects daily life)

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16
Q

Phobias - endurance

A

person chooses to remain in the presence of the phobic stimulus (to keep an eye on it)

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17
Q

Phobias - cognitive symptoms associated with phobias

A

Selective attention, irrational beliefs, cognitive distortions

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18
Q

Phobias - selective attention

A

finds it hard looking away from the phobic stimulus

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19
Q

Phobias - irrational belifs

A

doesn’t respond to evidence

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20
Q

Phobias - cognitive distoryions

A

thoughts about the phobic stimulus are distorted

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21
Q

Depression - what’s depression?

A

mental health disorder, persistent sadness and lack of interest and pleasure in previously rewarding or enjoyable activities

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22
Q

Depression - 4 categories recognised by DSM-5

A

Major depressive disorder, persistent depressive, disruptive mood dysregulation, premenstrual dysphoric

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23
Q

Depression - major depressive disorder

A

severe, but often short-term depression

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24
Q

Depression - persistent depressive

A

long term or recurring depression, including sustained major depression (used to be called dysthymia)

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25
Q

Depression - Disruptive mood dysregulation major

A

childhood temper tantrums

26
Q

Depression - premenstrual dysphoric

A

disruption to mood prior to and/or during menstruation

27
Q

Depression - diagnostic criteria

A

5 symptoms every day for 2 weeks, anhedonia

28
Q

Depression - emotional symptoms associated

A

Low mood, anhedonia, anger, low self esteem

29
Q

Depression - low mood

A

feeling empty, worthless, hopeless

30
Q

Depression - anhedonia

A

loss of interest or pleasure in hobbies/activities once enjoyed (accompenied by avolition - loss of motivation to perform goal directed activities)

31
Q

Depression - anger

A

directed towards the self (general feeling of being emotionally hurt)

32
Q

Depression - low self esteem

A

low perception of self (leads to self-loathing)

33
Q

Depression - behavioural symptoms associated

A

Low activity level, disruptive sleep, disrupted eating, aggression/ self harm

34
Q

Depression - low activity level

A

Sense of tiredness, desire to sleep (can be apposite: psychomotor agitation)

35
Q

Depression - Disruptive sleep

A

insomnia / increased sleep

36
Q

Depression - disruptive eating

A

eating more/less

37
Q

Depression - aggression/ self harm

A

increased irritability, verbally/physically aggressive, ending of jobs/ relationships; cutting, harm to self, suicide

38
Q

Depression - cognitive symptoms

A

Poor concentration, attention to the negative, absolutist thinking, memory bias

39
Q

Depression - poor concentration

A

cannot focus on a task as much as normal and finds it difficult to make decisions

40
Q

Depression - attention to the negative

A

negative self-beliefs such as guilt and sense of worthlessness

41
Q

Depression - absolutist thinking

A

seeing things in black and white - can catastrophise situation

42
Q

Depression - memory bias

A

cognitive bias of remembering unhappy events easier

43
Q

OCD - what’s OCD?

A

mental health condition where you have obsessive thoughts (internal) and compulsive behaviours (external)

44
Q

OCD - 4 catagories recognised by DSM-5

A

OCD, trichotillomania, hoarding, excoriation

45
Q

OCD - OCD

A

obsessive, recurring thoughts, images, compulsions

46
Q

OCD - trichotillomania

A

compulsive hair pulling

47
Q

OCD - hoading

A

compulsive gathering of possessions and the inability to part with anything (regardless of value)

48
Q

OCD - excoriation

A

Compulsive skin picking

49
Q

OCD - diagnostic criteria

A

> 1hr a day in distress (presence of obsessions, compulsions)

50
Q

OCD - emotional symptoms

A

Anxiety and distress, depression, guilt and disgust

51
Q

OCD - anxiety and distress

A

obsessive thoughts are intrusive and frightening (urge to repeat behaviour produces it)

52
Q

OCD - depression

A

OCD is often accompanied by depression (compulsive behaviour can bring short term relief)

53
Q

OCD - guilt and disgust

A

sufferers often aware their obsessive thoughts are irrational and their compulsive behaviours are abnormal. They can suffer guilt over minor moral issues (disgust may be towards the self or externally)

54
Q

OCD - behavioural symoptons

A

Repetitive/ ritualistic, avoidance, anxiety

55
Q

OCD - repetitive/ ritualistic

A

feel compelled to act on their obsessive thoughts with repetitive behaviours acts (compulsions). They’re repetitive, unpleasant and interfere with everyday life

56
Q

OCD - avoidance

A

Attempt to avoid situations which trigger obsessions and compulsions

57
Q

OCD - anxiety

A

compulsive behaviours often reduce anxiety caused by obsessions, compulsive checking in response to the obsessive thought that it might have been left unsecured

58
Q

OCD - cognitive symptoms

A

Obsessive thoughts, hyper-vigilance, cognitive coping strategies, insight

59
Q

OCD - obsessive thoughts

A

intrusive, recurring, unwanted thoughts. 90% have them. They’re repetitive, unpleasant and interfere with everyday life (present most days for 2 weeks or more)

60
Q

OCD - hypervigilance

A

selective attending and increased awareness of source of obsessions in new situations

61
Q

OCD - cognitive coping strategies

A

coping methods that manage anxiety and act as a distraction

62
Q

OCD - insight

A

Aware their cognitions are irrational, despite this they maintain constant alertness and focus on potential hazards

Psychology (46 decks)

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