Psychopathy Flashcards
(25 cards)
What are the 4 reasons for Abnormality?
~> Deviation from Social Norms
~> Statical deviation
~> Failure to Function adequately
~> Deviation from mental health
What is Deviation from Social Norms?
All societies have there social norms and these can change from culture to culture. If someone was to go against these social norms they would be seen as a deviating Human.
Evaluate Deviation from Social Norms?
Strengths:
~> Real world application- useful in clinical trials
Weakness:
~> Culturally Relative- norms are situational
What is Statical Deviation?
Where you have a less or more abnormal behaviours
Evaluate Statical Deviation?
Strenghts:
~> Real world Applications- useful in clinical trials
Weakness:
~> Unusual Characteristics could be positive
What is Failure to Function adequately?
Where abnormality is defined by an inability to cope with everyday life
Evaluate Failure to Function adequately?
Strenghts:
~> Provide help and support- diagnosis can be aimed at those who need it
Weakness:
~> Failure to function can be normal- it would depend on circumstances and bereavement
What is Deviation from Mental Health?
A difference in our mental health will change the way we act
What did Broverman (1970) say?
He said that each person has a abnormal and normal behaviour, this would vary between men and women.
What did Rosenham and Soligman (1989) say?
The more abnormal behaviours they show the more likely that are to be considered abnormal.
These behaviours could be: maladaptive, unpredictable, Unconditional behaviour, and Violation of Standards
What did Jahoda say?
They gave 6 categories that people may need to be mentally healthy:
G rowth- develop full potential
R esistance to stress- cope with stress
A utonomy- independent
P reception of reality- having a accurate perception of reality
E nvironment master- ability to maintain a job
S elf attidudes- having a high self esteem
What is a Phobia?
A irrational fear of an object or situation triggered by anxiety
There are 3 types of phobias:
Specific, Social, and Agoraphobia
What is Specific Phobia?
A phobia to an object, animal, or situation
What is Social Phobia?
A phobia of a social situation
What is Agoraphobia?
A phobia to being outside
What is the DSM-5 Phobia Criteria?
A criteria to show the characteristics of a phobia. One of these symptoms must last at least 6 months and not be caused by other disorders.
~> Unreasonable, excessive fear
~> Avoidance of extreme distress
~> Immediate anxiety response
~> Life- limiting
What are the Behavioural Characteristics of Phobias?
~> Panic: crying, screaming, running away
~> Avoidance: conscious efforts to not encounter stimulus
~> Endurance: staying in the presence of the phobic stimulus
What are the Cognitive Characteristics of Phobias?
~> Selective attention: focusing all attention on the phobic stimulus
~> Irrational Beliefs: thought about the phobic stimulus are illogical
~> Cognitive Distortions: Perception of the phobic stimulus may b unrealistic
What are the Emotional Characteristics of Phobias?
~> Anxiety: High rate of anxiety
~> Fear: Immediate anxiety when in presence of phobia
What is the Two process Model?
a diagram to demonstrate the classical conditioning and operate conditioning in to dealing with a phobia
What are the 2 ways to treat a Phobia?
~> Flooding
~> Systematic Desensitisation
What is Flooding?
Flooding is where the phobia is immediately seen and reacted to with the inability to remove the phobia
Evaluate Flooding.
Strengths:
~> Cost effective: not expensive, can be one session, sessions least longer
Weaknesses:
~> Traumatic: Flooding is more stressful that SD
What is Systematic Desensitisation?
A Exposure Therapy to increase the gradual exposure of the phobic response
