Psychosis and schizophrenia Flashcards
(41 cards)
What is WHO’s definition of health?
Health is a state of complete
physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
What is mental health?
is defined as a state of well-being in which every individual realizes his or her own potential, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to her or his community.
What is the primary care for psychiatric care?
- Primary care
- Health centres
- Student health
- Occupational health
What is the specialized care for psychiatric care?
- A referral needed
*Outpatient and inpatient units /
clinics (polyclinics and wards )
*Different specialities (paediatric,
adolescence, geriatric, dual
diagnoses, forensic, (early)
psychosis, mood disorders etc.)
What is the NGOs prerogative for psychiatric care?
- Daily activities
- Peer support (patients and families)
- Suicide prevention
- Crisis interventions and support
Psychiatric care - service system prerogatives.
Supported accommodation
*Different level of care
* Public and private service providers
Psychotherapy
* Can be subsidized by government
What is psychosis?
A severe mental condition in which there is disorganization of the personality, deterioration in social functioning, and loss of contact with, or distortion of, reality.
There may be evidence of hallucinations and delusional thinking.
Psychosis can occur with or without the presence of organic impairment.
Examples of disorders?
- Mood disorder
- Schizotypal disorder
- Paranoid personality disorder
- Schizoaffective disorders
- Delusional disorder
- Post partum depression
- Organic mental disorder (dementia, delirium tremes)
What population and demographics is schizophrenia most common in?
- 0.5 –1.5% of population
- Womenage24-32
- Men age 20-28
What is important in regards to schizophrenia?
- Recognizing early signs and prodromal symptoms is important.
- Approx. half of all patients recover well.
- Almost all patients with long term schizophrenia require treatment for
several years
Symptoms of schizophrenia
Positive symptoms.
- Hallucinations.
- Delusions.
- Thoughts disorders.
Negative symptoms.
- “Flat affect”.
- Reduced feelings of pleasure in everyday life.
- Difficulty beginning and sustaining activities.
- Reduced speaking.
What are the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
Case example of delusions.
Characteristics of symptoms of schizophrenia?
- Individual and can vary from subtle to severe.
- For a patient it is difficult to:
- focus or pay attention
- understand information and use it to make decisions
- to use information (immediately) after learning it.
What are the possible changes, behaviors and mood present in acute psychosis
▪ Loss of self control
- Unpredictable or irrational behaviour & speech
▪ Incoherent speech
▪ Fears, worries, anxiety
▪ Agony, distress, irritation
▪ Restlessness
▪ Exhaustion
▪ Insomnia
▪ Attempt to protect oneself against danger
- Possible social seclusion or aggressive behaviour.
What are the features of a nurse-patient interaction for acute psychosis?
- allow natural eye-contact
- speak clearly
- avoid complicated sentences and
instructions - remember to use patient’s name
- allow patient to ventilate and describe their
emotions and experiences.
When should you treat schizophrenia in a hospital?
- Treatment in a hospital if:
- person’s behaviour is controlled by psychotic symptoms.
- a person is suicidal or aggressive.
- a person can’t be examined / assessed and treated in an outpatient clinic.
Schizophrenia general treameant options?
- First psychotic episode should always be examined, assessed and
treated in specialized psychiatric care - Prevention of psychotic episodes
- Pharmaceutical treatment
- Individually planned nursing interventions
- Psychoeducation
- Family interventions
What is the goal of the acute phase in treatment?
Reducing and relieving psychotic symptoms.
What are key components of the acute phase?
Medication, safe environment, treatment of other possible illnesses and symptoms.
What is important in the nurse-patient relationship during the acute phase?
Engagement, communication, enforcement of safety and reality, protection from possible self-harm or aggressive behavior and the nurse’s safe and consistent behavior.
What does the nurse enforce during the acute phase?
Safety and reality, and protection from possible self-harm or aggressive behaviour.
When does the working phase begin?
Begin after the patient’s psychotic symptoms have reduced and alleviated.
