Psychosis/Schizophrenia

Question 1

What is secondary psychosis?

Answer 1

psychosis caused by underlying medical conditions, dementia, drugs (corticosteroids, anticholinergics), and heavy metals, metabolic disorders

Question 2

What happens with untreated psychosis?

Answer 2

brain cannot control core reactor temp->unregulated neural circuits->release of inflammatory markers->further degrades circuits->can lead to dementia

Question 3

What are delusions?

Answer 3

fixed belief that are not amenable to change in light of conflicting evidence

Question 4

What are delusions of grandeur?

Answer 4

inflated sense of self

Question 5

What are persecutory delusions?

Answer 5

afraid and feel vulnerable

Question 6

What is ideas of influence?

Answer 6

false beliefs that one’s actions control external events

Question 7

What is ideas of reference?

Answer 7

a type of cognitive distortion where someone believes that random events in the world relate to them in a personal way (ex. Believing that a news report, song, or movie is specifically speaking to or about the individual)

Question 8

What is thought broadcasting?

Answer 8

belief one’s thoughts are being broadcasted aloud so others can hear

Question 9

What are illusions?

Answer 9

misinterpretations of real experiences

Question 10

What are hallucinations?

Answer 10

perception of life experiences that occur without external stimuli

Question 11

What do 1st generation anti-psychotics treat?

Answer 11

they only treat positive symptoms

Question 12

When do 1st gen anti-psychotics become effective?

Answer 12

2-6 weeks

Question 13

What are examples of 1st gen meds?

Answer 13

Haloperidol and chlorpromazine

Question 14

What are side effects of first gen?

Answer 14

-dizziness
-nausea
-tremors
-insomnia
-EPS

Question 15

What are 1st gen called?

Answer 15

dopamine receptor antagonists

Question 16

What is acute dystonia?

Answer 16

sustained contraction of one or more muscle groups

Question 17

What is akathisia?

Answer 17

motor restlessness causing inability to sit still

Question 18

What is pseudoparkinsonism?

Answer 18

temporary grip that mimics parkinon’s

Question 19

What is tardive dyskinesia?

Answer 19

involuntary repetitive movements

Question 20

What do 2nd gen treat?

Answer 20

they treat positive/negative symptoms

Question 21

What are examples of 2nd gen?

Answer 21

Clozapine, Risperidone, Olanzapine

Question 22

What are SE of 2nd gen?

Answer 22

sedation, seizures, and sexual dysfunction

Question 23

What are SE of Clozapin?

Answer 23

myocarditis and neutropenia

Question 24

What is neuroleptic malignant syndrome?

Answer 24

decreased consciousness and response, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction

Question 25

What is metabolic syndrome?

Answer 25

wt gain, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance

Question 26

What is anti-cholinergic toxicity?

Answer 26

dilated pupils, urinary retention, delirium

Question 27

What are positive symptoms of schizophrenia?

Answer 27

hallucinations, disorganized speech/thought, delusions, and bizarre behavior

Question 28

What are negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

Answer 28

blunted affect, anhedonia, poverty of thought, loss of motivation

Question 29

What is the dopamine theory about schizophrenia?

Answer 29

There is too little dopamine in prefrontal cortex and too much dopamine in mesocortical pathways

Question 30

What is the glutamate theory about schizophrenia?

Answer 30

deficient activity of glutamate at glutamate synapse in prefrontal cortex

Question 31

How are parkinson's and psychosis related?

Answer 31

many parkinson's patients can develop psychosis because of the increase in synthetic dopamine in the brain

Question 32

What creates a stress response?

Answer 32

a perceived threat

Question 33

What are the cardinal signs of PTSD?

Answer 33

flashbacks, avoidance, hypervigilance, and mood alterations

Question 34

What is hypervigilance?

Answer 34

increased arousal, irritability, difficulty sleeping and concentrating

Question 35

What is magnification/minimization?

Answer 35

exaggerating/minimizing the importance of events

Question 36

What is catastrophizing?

Answer 36

seeing only the worst possible outcome

Question 37

What is overgeneralization?

Answer 37

making broad interpretations from a single or few events

Question 38

What is magical thinking?

Answer 38

belief that acts will influence unrelated situations

Question 39

What is personalization?

Answer 39

belief that one responsible for events outside of their own control

Question 40

What are should statements?

Answer 40

belief that things should be a certain way

Question 41

What is mind reading?

Answer 41

interpreting the thoughts and beliefs of others without adequate evidence

Question 42

What is jumping to conclusions?

Answer 42

interpreting the meaning of the situation with little to no meaning

Question 43

What is fortune telling?

Answer 43

expectation that a situation will turn out badly without adequate evidence

Question 44

What is emotional reasoning?

Answer 44

assumption that emotions reflect the ways things are

Question 45

What is disqualifying positive?

Answer 45

Recognizing only negative aspects of a situation while ignoring positive

Question 46

What is all or nothing thinking?

Answer 46

thinking in always or never