PSYCHOSIS (WK9) Flashcards

(32 cards)

1
Q

HOW MANY PEOPLE ON AVERAGE, AROUND THE WORLD, HAVE SCHIZOPHRENIA?

A

24 MILLION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

WHAT IS PSYCHOSIS?

A

A BROAD TERM USED TO DESCRIBE SOMEONE WHO IS EXPERIENCING SYMPTOMS OF PSYCHOTIC DISORDER.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

WHAT IS THE DSM-5 DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR SCHIZOPHRENIA?

A

A) AT LEAST 2 OF THE 5 CHARACTERISTIC SYMPTOMS
B) SOCIAL / OCCUPATIONAL DYSFUNCTION
C) CONTINUOUS SIGNS OF DISTURBANCE PERSISTING FOR AT LEAST 6 MONTHS
D) NOT DUE TO OTHER DISORDER
E) NOT ATTRIBUTABLE TO SUBSTANCES OR OTHER DISORDERS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

WHAT ARE THE DSM-5 DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERISTIC SYMPTOMS FOR SCHIZOPREHNIA?

A

1) DELUSIONS
2) HALLUCINATIONS
3) DISORGANISED SPEECH
4) GROSSLY DISORGANISED OR CATATONIC BEHAVIOUR
5) NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

WHAT IS THE DIFFICULTY WITH DIAGNOSING SCHIZOPHRENIA?

A

THERE IS NO BIOLOGICAL OR LAB TESTS THAT CAN CONFIRM PSYCHIATRIC DIAGNOSES.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

WHAT OTHER KNOWN MEDICAL CAUSES OF PSYCHOSIS ARE THERE?

A

*THYROID DYSFUNCTION
*METABOLIC DYSFUNCTION
*EPILEPSY
*PRESCRIBED MEDICATIONS SUCH AS ANTIDEPRESSANTS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

WHAT ARE NEGATIVE PSYCHOSIS SYMPTOMS?

A

SYMPTOMS WHICH DECREASE IN DEFICITS.
E.G. ALOGIA, AVOLITION, FLATTENED EFFECT.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

WHAT ARE POSITIVE PSYCHOSIS SYMPTOMS?

A

EXCESSIVE / ADDITIONAL TO THOSE WITH A NORMAL HEALTHY MIND.

E.G. DISORGANISED SPEECH / BEHAVIOUR, DELUSION. AUDITORY HALLUCINATIONS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

WHAT IS A HALLUCINATION?

A

DISORDER OF PERCEPTION (MOSTLY AUDITORY)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

WHAT ARE DELUSIONS?

A

DISORDER OF COGNITION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

WHAT IS MEANT BY THE THE TERM FLATTENED AFFECT?

A

REDUCTION IN EMOTIONAL EXPRESSION AND WITHDRAWAL FROM THE OUTSIDE WORLD.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

WHAT IS AVOLITION?

A

REFERS TO APATHY AND AN INABILITY TO INITIATIVE VARIOUS ACTIVITIES SUCH AS SELF-CARE.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

WHAT IS ALOGIA?

A

POVERTY OF SPEECH. CAUSES YOU TO SPEAK LESS, SAY FEWER WORDS OR ONLY SPEAK IN RESPONSE TO OTHERS.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

WHAT IS ANHEDONIA?

A

LACK OF PLEASURE OR LOSS OF INTEREST IN NORMALLY PLEASURABLE / INTERESTING THINGS.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

WHAT IS IMPORTANT FOR DELUSIONAL DISORDER?

A

CRITERION A FOR SCHIZOPRENIA HAS NEVER BEEN MET.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

WHAT ARE THE 2 MAIN SUBTYPES OF DELUSIONAL DISORDER?

A

1) SPECIFY SUBTYPE (GRANDOISE, JEALOUS, EROTOMANIC, MIXED, SOMATIC)
2) OTHER SPECIFIERS

17
Q

WHAT DOES A DELUSION DISORDER SUBTYPE DEPEND ON?

A

THE CONTENT OF AN INDIVIDUAL’S DELUSIONS.

18
Q

WHAT IS THE DSM-5 DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR BRIEF PSYCHOTIC DISORDER?

A

A) PRESENCE OF 1 OR MORE OF THE FOLLOWING: DELUSIONS, HALLUCINATIONS, DISORGANISED SPEECH/BEHAVIOUR
B) DURATION OF DISTURBANCE IS 1 DAY TO 1 MONTH
C) NOT RELATED TO SCHIZOPHRENIA.

19
Q

WHICH OTHER DISORDERS CAN ALSO HAVE PSYCHOTIC FEATURES?

A

*ALZEIMERS
*MDD

20
Q

WHAT ARE THE 3 STAGES AT WHICH MOST PEOPLE GO THROUGH DURING SCHIZOPHRENIA?

A

1) PRODOMAL
2) ACTIVE / ACUTE
3) RESIDUAL / RECOVERY

21
Q

EXPLAIN THE PROMODAL STAGE OF SCHIZOPHRENIA?

A

*FRIENDS AND FAMILY NOTICE STRAGE BEHAVIOUR
*INDIVIDUAL HAS NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS AND WANTS TO BE ALONE MUCH OF THE TIME

22
Q

EXPLAIN THE ACTIVE / ACUTE STAGE OF SCHIZOPHRENIA?

A

WHEN SCHIZOPHRENIA IS USUALLY DIAGNOSED. THE SYMPTOMS ARE MOST SEVERE AND PROMINENT.

23
Q

EXPLAIN THE RESIDUAL / RECOVERY STAGE OF SCHIZOPHRENIA?

A

NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS TEND TO PERSIST MORE; BUT THERE MAY BE SOME ATTENUATED POSITIVE ONES.

24
Q

IS SCHIZOPHRENIA GENETIC?

A

YES, IT IS HIGHLY HERITABLE.

25
WHAT IS THE CONCORDANCE RATE OF SCHIZOPHRENIA IN IDENTICAL TWINS?
46% TO 50%
26
WHAT IS THE CONCORDANCE RATE FOR SCHIZIPHRENIA FOR DIZYGOTIC TWINS?
14%
27
WHAT PERCENTAGE OF IDENTICAL TWIN PATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA HAVE A CHANCE OF DEVELOPING THE ILLNESS?
50% - THIS SUGGESTS THERE IS ENVIRONMENTAL CAUSAL FACTORS IN ADDITION TO GENETIC ONES.
28
WHAT ARE SOME STRUCTURAL BRAIN DIFFERENCES IN SCHIZOPHRENIA?
*TOTAL BRAIN VOLUME IS REDUCED *REDUCED GREY MATTER IN SPECIFIC AREAS *LATERAL AND THIRD VENTRICAL SPACES ARE LARGER
29
WHAT IS THE DOPAMINE HYPOTHESIS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA?
THE THEORY THAT EXCESS DOPAMINE CONTRIBUTES TO POSITIVE SYMPTOMS SUCH AS PSYCHOSIS. WHILST LOW DOPAMINE IS RESPONSIBLE FOR NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS.
30
WHAT ARE SOME PROBLEMS WITH THE DOPAMINE HYPOTHESIS IN SCHIZOPHRENIA?
*NEWER ANI-PSYCHOTIC IMPLICATE SEROTONIN RATHER THAN DOPAMINE. *DOPAMINE MAY JUST BE ONE PART OF MORE COMPLEX SET OF CAUSAL FACTORS IN SCHIZOPHRENIA.
31
WHAT STREET DRUG CAN CAUSE PSYCHOSIS?
PCP
32
WHAT ARE SOME SOCIO-CULTURAL FACTORS BELIEVED TO INFLUENCE THE CHANCE OF DEVELOPING PSYCHOSIS?
*WAR *LOWER SES *DEVELOPMENTAL TRAUMA *GROWING UP IN AN URBAN ENVIRONMENT