Psychosocial Approaches I

Question 1

What does ‘context’ mean in relation to the OT Practice Framework?

Answer 1

Context in the OTPF refers to environmental factors and personal factors.

Question 2

What is a conversion reaction in mental health?

Answer 2

A sudden, unexplainable disability of a sensory-motor function of the body caused by the conversion of a repressed emotion into a physical symptom.

Question 3

What are the various clinical conditions in mental health?

Answer 3

• PHOBIAS
• ANXIETY DISORDERS
• MOOD DISORDERS
• PERSONALITY DISORDERS
• PTSD
• EATING DISORDERS
• COGNITIVE DISORDERS
• ADJUSTMENT DISORDERS
• SUBSTANCE USE AND CHEMICAL DEPENDENCY

Question 4

Define phobia in mental health.

Answer 4

An unreasonable, exaggerated fear of a specific object or situation.

Question 5

What is separation anxiety?

Answer 5

Extreme anxiety related to separation from others to whom the individual is attached.

Question 6

What is agoraphobia?

Answer 6

Severe anxiety or fear about going or interacting with the outside world.

Question 7

What characterizes anxiety disorders?

Answer 7

Persistent and excessive worry, fear, and anxiety that interfere with daily life.

Question 8

What are the main types of mood disorders?

Answer 8

• Major Depressive Disorder
• Bipolar Disorder

Question 9

What defines personality disorders?

Answer 9

Unhealthy and rigid patterns that negatively influence how a person thinks and behaves.

Question 10

What is PTSD?

Answer 10

Occurs after experiencing significant trauma; includes flashbacks, detachment, irritability, memory impairment, and loss of interest in activities.

Question 11

What is disorganized thought?

Answer 11

• Loose association
• Flight of ideas
• Ideas of reference

Question 12

Identify types of hallucinations.

Answer 12

• Visual
• Auditory
• Olfactory
• Tactile
• Gustatory

Question 13

Can defense mechanisms be a healthy response?

Answer 13

Yes, until overused to the extent that interaction with the environment becomes ineffective.

Question 14

What is repression as a defense mechanism?

Answer 14

Exclusion of threatening and painful thoughts from consciousness.

Question 15

What is regression in defense mechanisms?

Answer 15

Return to an earlier, more comfortable period in life.

Question 16

Fill in the blank: The theory associated with reframing is _______.

Answer 16

cognitive-behavioral theory

Question 17

What are the components of social skills training?

Answer 17

• Motivation
• Demonstration
• Practice
• Feedback

Question 18

What is the ‘Resilient Zone’?

Answer 18

A state of optimal flexibility and adaptability in mind, body, and spirit.

Question 19

What are the principles of trauma-informed care?

Answer 19

• Safety
• Trustworthiness and Transparency
• Collaboration and Mutuality
• Empowerment
• Voice and Choice

Question 20

What is mindfulness?

Answer 20

Attention training to cultivate qualities of concentration, clarity, and equanimity.

Question 21

Describe the basic principles of traditional OT theories.

Answer 21

• Object Relations Theory
• Developmental Theory
• Behavioral Theory
• Cognitive-Behavioral Theory
• Client-centered Theory
• Neuroscience Theory
• Psychiatric Rehabilitation

Question 22

What is the best course of action for addressing clients with sleep disorders?

Answer 22

• Establishing a calm bedtime routine
• Using the bed only for sleep and sex
• Avoiding vigorous exercise too close to bedtime
• Making sure the bedroom is dark and at a comfortable temperature
• Avoiding naps
• Avoiding technological devices before bedtime

Question 23

Identify the types of sleep disorders discussed.

Answer 23

• Insomnias
• Hypersomnolence
• Parasomnias
• Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders
• Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders
• Sleep Movement Disorders

Question 24

What is Bulimia Nervosa?

Answer 24

Eating binges followed by guilt and self-induced purging.

Question 25

What is Anorexia Nervosa?

Answer 25

Self-imposed starvation and intense fear of gaining weight.

Question 26

What is the definition of cognitive disorders?

Answer 26

Conditions that impair cognitive function, including delirium and dementia.

Question 27

What is the role of empowerment in trauma-informed care?

Answer 27

Working in partnership with survivors to promote healing and allow clients to take control of their care.

Question 28

What is the focus of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)?

Answer 28

Developing psychological flexibility by promoting acceptance of difficult thoughts and feelings.

Question 29

What is the Illness-Wellness Continuum?

Answer 29

Wellness is a process with varying levels and degrees.

Question 30

What causes movement during or before sleep?

Answer 30

Sleep Movement Disorders (e.g., restless legs syndrome) ## Footnote Sleep Movement Disorders can lead to significant sleep disturbances.

Question 31

What are concrete interventions for sleep disorders?

Answer 31

* Establishing a calm bedtime routine * Using the bed only for sleep and sex * Avoiding vigorous exercise too close to bedtime * Ensuring the bedroom is dark and at a comfortable temperature * Avoiding naps * Avoiding technological devices before bedtime ## Footnote These interventions can help improve sleep quality.

Question 32

What are the core skills of mindfulness?

Answer 32

* Concentration * Sensory Clarity * Equanimity ## Footnote These skills help in maintaining focus and emotional balance.

Question 33

What does the Child Abuse Amendment Act cover?

Answer 33

It extends the definition of child abuse to include withholding medically indicated treatment for an infant’s life-threatening conditions. ## Footnote This act aims to protect vulnerable infants.

Question 34

What is the best way to manage sexual harassment from a client?

Answer 34

Determine if the harassment relates to the client's clinical presentation, contact a supervisor, and follow facility policy. ## Footnote Proper management is crucial for the safety of both clients and staff.

Question 35

What are the risk factors for violent behavior?

Answer 35

* History of previous violent behavior * Diagnosis (e.g., psychosis, substance abuse) * Organic brain disorders/dementia * Geropsychiatric patients * Schizophrenia * Neurological issues * Head injuries * Some forms of epilepsy * Temporal lobe abnormalities * Mental retardation * Acute mania * Personality disorders * PTSD ## Footnote The severity of the pathology, not just the diagnosis, influences violent behavior.

Question 36

What are the different types of abuse?

Answer 36

* Physical * Emotional/Psychological * Sexual ## Footnote Each type has distinct characteristics and impacts on the victim.

Question 37

What are the types of neglect?

Answer 37

* Physical * Educational * Emotional ## Footnote Neglect can manifest in various forms, affecting a child's well-being.

Question 38

What causes inappropriate patient sexual behavior?

Answer 38

* Medication side effects * Organic brain syndrome * Impotence * Power struggles * Location of care * Desire for connection ## Footnote Understanding these causes helps in managing behavior effectively.

Question 39

What are the most appropriate ways to manage agitated patients?

Answer 39

* Avoid eye contact * Watch your voice tone * Keep movements slow and smooth * Stay outwardly calm ## Footnote These strategies help de-escalate potential aggression.

Question 40

How might staff perpetuate violence in healthcare?

Answer 40

* Forcing medications * Staff denial * Provocative treatments * Lack of training * Displaced aggression * Staff expectations * Staff behaviors ## Footnote Recognizing these factors can help improve the safety of the environment.

Question 41

What factors may lead to abuse and/or neglect?

Answer 41

* Parental issues (e.g., drugs, poor health) * Child characteristics (e.g., unwanted) * Family dynamics (e.g., marital conflict) * Environmental factors (e.g., poverty) * Societal influences (e.g., acceptance of violence) ## Footnote A multifaceted approach is necessary to address these issues.

Question 42

Define countertransference.

Answer 42

Occurs when the person who is the object of transference unconsciously falls into the role that the client is transferring onto them. ## Footnote This can affect the therapeutic relationship.

Question 43

Define transference.

Answer 43

When one person unconsciously relates to the other as if that person were someone else, usually an important person in their life. ## Footnote Understanding transference can help in therapy.

Question 44

What are the modes of the Intentional Relationship Model?

Answer 44

* Advocating * Collaborating * Empathizing * Encouraging * Instructing * Problem-solving ## Footnote These modes guide the therapeutic process.

Question 45

What are the essential qualities of the therapeutic relationship?

Answer 45

* Empathy * Sensitivity * Respect * Warmth * Genuineness * Self-disclosure * Specificity * Immediacy ## Footnote These qualities foster a trusting therapeutic environment.

Question 46

What are interpersonal strategies in therapy?

Answer 46

* Validation * Boundary Setting * Limit Setting * Encouragement * Praise * Advice * Coaching * Confrontation * Reframing * Reality Testing * Metaphors ## Footnote These strategies enhance client engagement and understanding.

Question 47

What are the elements of the Intentional Relationship Model?

Answer 47

* Client * Interpersonal events during therapy * Therapist * Occupation ## Footnote Each element plays a crucial role in the therapeutic process.