Psychosocial Ch 27

Question 1

define suicide

Answer 1

the action of intentionally taking one’s own life

Question 2

define direct self destructive behaviors

Answer 2

• any form of active suicidal behavior such as threats, gestures, or attempts to end one’s life
• active wish to die
• ex:individual who intends to commit suicide

Question 3

define indirect self-destructive behaviors

Answer 3

• behaviors or actions that may result in harm to the individual’s well being or death
• no actual intention of ending their lives
• EX:substance abuse, dangerous activities, unwillingness to change negative thoughts and actions
• many of these behaviors are legal or socially accepted, so ppl don’t realize their potential for harm

Question 4

define self-injuries

Answer 4

• reaffirm to individuals that they are still alive

- pain serves as a reminder to connection to real world

Question 5

(objective)

myths about suicide (9 in book)

Answer 5

• ppl who talk about it will not commit suicide
• one does not need to take a suicide threat seriously
• a failed suicide attempt is manipulative behavior
• it is harmful to discuss the subject of suicide with clients
• only psychotic or depressed ppl commit suicide
• suicide occurs only in the lower socioeconomic classes (the poor)
• young children never commit suicide
• when ppl show signs of an improved mood, the threat of suicide is over

Question 6

(objective)

what are cultural factors that affect suicide

Answer 6

• laws, customs, beliefs, values, and norms
• religious beliefs and customs have an impact
• customs and rituals may play a role

Question 7

(objective)

what are social factors influencing suicide

Answer 7

• biggest one is social isolation (felt by fast-paced and goal oriented societies)
• availability of weapons
• one’s state of health (suicide rates climb as we age)
• kind of community-based resources

Question 8

define rational suicide

Answer 8

ppl choose the time and place of their passing. the choice to end one’s life was made freely and rationally with a sound mind

Question 9

High suicide rates are seen where

Answer 9

• survivors of natural disaster
• veterans of combat
• ppl with PTSD

Question 10

what are the different dimensions of suicide (5)

Answer 10

physical
emotional
intellectual
social
spiritual

Question 11

physical dimension of suicide

Answer 11

thoughts of suicide produce many of the same biochemical changes in the body as depression

Question 12

emotional dimension of suicide

Answer 12

person is filled with feelings of ambivalence, anger, aggression, guilt, helplessness, and hopelessness

Question 13

define ambivalence

Answer 13

state in which an individual experiences conflicting feelings, attitudes, or drives

Question 14

intellectual dimension of suicide

Answer 14

intense emotional suffering leads to distorted thinking and self-defeating thoughts
-the self becomes devalued and worth little

Question 15

social dimension of suicide

Answer 15

includes one’s views of others

Question 16

spiritual dimension of suicide

Answer 16

suicidal individuals grapple with the cultural, religious, and ethical dilemmas associated with one’s demise

Question 17

all suicide victims seem to share two major viewpoints. what are they

Answer 17

1-deep, inner disturbance of hopelessness, despair, poor self-esteem, and feelings of being trapped
2-logic whereby suicidal individuals consider the act as a way of relieving themselves of the miseries of this life and connecting with a sense of immortality or a life beyond the one they are leaving behind

Question 18

what are the 5 different motives for suicide

Answer 18

• cry for help
• refusal to accept a diminished quality, style, or pace of life(causes ppl to commit rational suicide)
• need to affirm soul
• to relieve distress
• preoccupied with suicide

Question 19

psychoanalytical theory of suicide

Answer 19

-all humans have the instinct for life and death within them

Question 20

sociological theory of suicide

Answer 20

• relationship between the number of suicides and the social conditions of an area
• consider the impact of social factors on the occurrence of suicide

Question 21

interpersonal theory of suicide

Answer 21

viewed as the outcome of a failure to work with or resolve interpersonal conflicts

Question 22

survivor guilt

Answer 22

• loss of a loved one is hard on other ppl
• guilt is a main response
• feel they could have done something
• guilt may stem from anger
• children often feel responsible for suicide

Question 23

summarize suicide and children

Answer 23

• result of family conflict or disruption
• learn by exposure
• cry for help
• change their situation
• act out a sincere with to die
• usually not planned
• THE KEY TO RECOGNIZING THE SIGNS IS ANY CHANGE IN THE CHILD’S BEHAVIOR

Question 24

summarize suicide and adolescents

Answer 24

• option for solving their problems
• many factors:depression, poor impulse control, emotional isolation family interactions, use of drugs, alcohol, lack of consistent relationships
• risk of suicide increased in children/adolescents who suffer from chronic disease (like ppl with diabetes)

Question 25

summarize suicide and adults

Answer 25

- women attempt suicide 3x more than men - men more successful - occurs when individual is unable to cope with pressures of adulthood - loneliness is a factor

Question 26

summarize suicide and older adults

Answer 26

- as age increases, so does rate of suicide - tend not to communicate their intentions unless directly asked - elderly ppl taking potent alalgesics are at high risk for feelings of depression

Question 27

define passive suicide

Answer 27

refusing to eat, drink, or cooperate with care

Question 28

many older adults view the timing of death in one of three ways. what are they

Answer 28

- God controlled - physician and individual controlled - controlled by the individual alone

Question 29

what are some risk factors for suicide

Answer 29

- abuse, neglect, exploitation - academic pressures, school problems - accident prone - chronic or terminal illness - dysfunctional family relationships - family hx of anxiety/depression - hx of alcoholism/substance abuse - loss of parent or significant other - low socioeconomic status, poverty - male gender, unmarried, unemployed - negative outlook for future - social isolation or lack of social support

Question 30

(objective) | outline the process of assessing the suicidal potential of a client

Answer 30

- important to evaluate EVERY client for potential - first assess the risk factors - ASK the client directly (give client permission to discuss their feelings/attitudes) - obtain a drug/med hx for every client - have they attempted suicide or planned it out - substance abuse - what is their level of despair - can they control their own behavior

Question 31

(objective) | choose 3 therapeutic goals and interventions for clients with suicidal behaviors

Answer 31

- will refrain from making any suicidal gesture or attempts of suicide - will be able to discuss feelings

Question 32

suicidal ideation

Answer 32

expressed thoughts or fantasies with no definite intent-may express ideas directly or symbolically

Question 33

suicidal threats

Answer 33

verbal or written expressions of intent without actual actions

Question 34

suicidal gestures

Answer 34

actions that result in little or no injury but communicate the message of suicidal intent

Question 35

parasuicidal behaviors

Answer 35

unsuccessful attempts with a low likelihood of success

Question 36

suicidal attempts

Answer 36

serious self-directed actions with the intent to ends one's life

Question 37

complete suicide

Answer 37

the successful ending of one's life

Question 38

what are the levels of suicidal behavior

Answer 38

``` suicidal ideation suicidal threats suicidal gestures parasuicidal behaviors suicidal attempts complete suicide ```

Question 39

define suicide precautions

Answer 39

standard interventions to prevent a suicide attempt from occurring

Question 40

during the nursing hx interview, the client tells the nurse that he would be better off dead. the care provider's best response is:

Answer 40

To ask whether he has a plan to commit suicide

Question 41

The first priority for the care of clients who may be suicidal is:

Answer 41

Protection from harm